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# sqlglot.dialects.snowflake

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       1from __future__ import annotations
       2
       3import typing as t
       4
       5from sqlglot import exp, generator, parser, tokens, transforms
       6from sqlglot.dialects.dialect import (
       7    Dialect,
       8    NormalizationStrategy,
       9    binary_from_function,
      10    build_default_decimal_type,
      11    date_delta_sql,
      12    date_trunc_to_time,
      13    datestrtodate_sql,
      14    build_formatted_time,
      15    if_sql,
      16    inline_array_sql,
      17    max_or_greatest,
      18    min_or_least,
      19    rename_func,
      20    timestamptrunc_sql,
      21    timestrtotime_sql,
      22    var_map_sql,
      23)
      24from sqlglot.helper import flatten, is_float, is_int, seq_get
      25from sqlglot.tokens import TokenType
      26
      27if t.TYPE_CHECKING:
      28    from sqlglot._typing import E
      29
      30
      31# from https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions/to_timestamp.html
      32def _build_datetime(
      33    name: str, kind: exp.DataType.Type, safe: bool = False
      34) -> t.Callable[[t.List], exp.Func]:
      35    def _builder(args: t.List) -> exp.Func:
      36        value = seq_get(args, 0)
      37        int_value = value is not None and is_int(value.name)
      38
      39        if isinstance(value, exp.Literal):
      40            # Converts calls like `TO_TIME('01:02:03')` into casts
      41            if len(args) == 1 and value.is_string and not int_value:
      42                return exp.cast(value, kind)
      43
      44            # Handles `TO_TIMESTAMP(str, fmt)` and `TO_TIMESTAMP(num, scale)` as special
      45            # cases so we can transpile them, since they're relatively common
      46            if kind == exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP:
      47                if int_value:
      48                    return exp.UnixToTime(this=value, scale=seq_get(args, 1))
      49                if not is_float(value.this):
      50                    return build_formatted_time(exp.StrToTime, "snowflake")(args)
      51
      52        if kind == exp.DataType.Type.DATE and not int_value:
      53            formatted_exp = build_formatted_time(exp.TsOrDsToDate, "snowflake")(args)
      54            formatted_exp.set("safe", safe)
      55            return formatted_exp
      56
      57        return exp.Anonymous(this=name, expressions=args)
      58
      59    return _builder
      60
      61
      62def _build_object_construct(args: t.List) -> t.Union[exp.StarMap, exp.Struct]:
      63    expression = parser.build_var_map(args)
      64
      65    if isinstance(expression, exp.StarMap):
      66        return expression
      67
      68    return exp.Struct(
      69        expressions=[
      70            exp.PropertyEQ(this=k, expression=v) for k, v in zip(expression.keys, expression.values)
      71        ]
      72    )
      73
      74
      75def _build_datediff(args: t.List) -> exp.DateDiff:
      76    return exp.DateDiff(
      77        this=seq_get(args, 2), expression=seq_get(args, 1), unit=_map_date_part(seq_get(args, 0))
      78    )
      79
      80
      81def _build_date_time_add(expr_type: t.Type[E]) -> t.Callable[[t.List], E]:
      82    def _builder(args: t.List) -> E:
      83        return expr_type(
      84            this=seq_get(args, 2),
      85            expression=seq_get(args, 1),
      86            unit=_map_date_part(seq_get(args, 0)),
      87        )
      88
      89    return _builder
      90
      91
      92# https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions/div0
      93def _build_if_from_div0(args: t.List) -> exp.If:
      94    cond = exp.EQ(this=seq_get(args, 1), expression=exp.Literal.number(0))
      95    true = exp.Literal.number(0)
      96    false = exp.Div(this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=seq_get(args, 1))
      97    return exp.If(this=cond, true=true, false=false)
      98
      99
     100# https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions/zeroifnull
     101def _build_if_from_zeroifnull(args: t.List) -> exp.If:
     102    cond = exp.Is(this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=exp.Null())
     103    return exp.If(this=cond, true=exp.Literal.number(0), false=seq_get(args, 0))
     104
     105
     106# https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions/zeroifnull
     107def _build_if_from_nullifzero(args: t.List) -> exp.If:
     108    cond = exp.EQ(this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=exp.Literal.number(0))
     109    return exp.If(this=cond, true=exp.Null(), false=seq_get(args, 0))
     110
     111
     112def _regexpilike_sql(self: Snowflake.Generator, expression: exp.RegexpILike) -> str:
     113    flag = expression.text("flag")
     114
     115    if "i" not in flag:
     116        flag += "i"
     117
     118    return self.func(
     119        "REGEXP_LIKE", expression.this, expression.expression, exp.Literal.string(flag)
     120    )
     121
     122
     123def _build_convert_timezone(args: t.List) -> t.Union[exp.Anonymous, exp.AtTimeZone]:
     124    if len(args) == 3:
     125        return exp.Anonymous(this="CONVERT_TIMEZONE", expressions=args)
     126    return exp.AtTimeZone(this=seq_get(args, 1), zone=seq_get(args, 0))
     127
     128
     129def _build_regexp_replace(args: t.List) -> exp.RegexpReplace:
     130    regexp_replace = exp.RegexpReplace.from_arg_list(args)
     131
     132    if not regexp_replace.args.get("replacement"):
     133        regexp_replace.set("replacement", exp.Literal.string(""))
     134
     135    return regexp_replace
     136
     137
     138def _show_parser(*args: t.Any, **kwargs: t.Any) -> t.Callable[[Snowflake.Parser], exp.Show]:
     139    def _parse(self: Snowflake.Parser) -> exp.Show:
     140        return self._parse_show_snowflake(*args, **kwargs)
     141
     142    return _parse
     143
     144
     145DATE_PART_MAPPING = {
     146    "Y": "YEAR",
     147    "YY": "YEAR",
     148    "YYY": "YEAR",
     149    "YYYY": "YEAR",
     150    "YR": "YEAR",
     151    "YEARS": "YEAR",
     152    "YRS": "YEAR",
     153    "MM": "MONTH",
     154    "MON": "MONTH",
     155    "MONS": "MONTH",
     156    "MONTHS": "MONTH",
     157    "D": "DAY",
     158    "DD": "DAY",
     159    "DAYS": "DAY",
     160    "DAYOFMONTH": "DAY",
     161    "WEEKDAY": "DAYOFWEEK",
     162    "DOW": "DAYOFWEEK",
     163    "DW": "DAYOFWEEK",
     164    "WEEKDAY_ISO": "DAYOFWEEKISO",
     165    "DOW_ISO": "DAYOFWEEKISO",
     166    "DW_ISO": "DAYOFWEEKISO",
     167    "YEARDAY": "DAYOFYEAR",
     168    "DOY": "DAYOFYEAR",
     169    "DY": "DAYOFYEAR",
     170    "W": "WEEK",
     171    "WK": "WEEK",
     172    "WEEKOFYEAR": "WEEK",
     173    "WOY": "WEEK",
     174    "WY": "WEEK",
     175    "WEEK_ISO": "WEEKISO",
     176    "WEEKOFYEARISO": "WEEKISO",
     177    "WEEKOFYEAR_ISO": "WEEKISO",
     178    "Q": "QUARTER",
     179    "QTR": "QUARTER",
     180    "QTRS": "QUARTER",
     181    "QUARTERS": "QUARTER",
     182    "H": "HOUR",
     183    "HH": "HOUR",
     184    "HR": "HOUR",
     185    "HOURS": "HOUR",
     186    "HRS": "HOUR",
     187    "M": "MINUTE",
     188    "MI": "MINUTE",
     189    "MIN": "MINUTE",
     190    "MINUTES": "MINUTE",
     191    "MINS": "MINUTE",
     192    "S": "SECOND",
     193    "SEC": "SECOND",
     194    "SECONDS": "SECOND",
     195    "SECS": "SECOND",
     196    "MS": "MILLISECOND",
     197    "MSEC": "MILLISECOND",
     198    "MILLISECONDS": "MILLISECOND",
     199    "US": "MICROSECOND",
     200    "USEC": "MICROSECOND",
     201    "MICROSECONDS": "MICROSECOND",
     202    "NS": "NANOSECOND",
     203    "NSEC": "NANOSECOND",
     204    "NANOSEC": "NANOSECOND",
     205    "NSECOND": "NANOSECOND",
     206    "NSECONDS": "NANOSECOND",
     207    "NANOSECS": "NANOSECOND",
     208    "EPOCH": "EPOCH_SECOND",
     209    "EPOCH_SECONDS": "EPOCH_SECOND",
     210    "EPOCH_MILLISECONDS": "EPOCH_MILLISECOND",
     211    "EPOCH_MICROSECONDS": "EPOCH_MICROSECOND",
     212    "EPOCH_NANOSECONDS": "EPOCH_NANOSECOND",
     213    "TZH": "TIMEZONE_HOUR",
     214    "TZM": "TIMEZONE_MINUTE",
     215}
     216
     217
     218@t.overload
     219def _map_date_part(part: exp.Expression) -> exp.Var:
     220    pass
     221
     222
     223@t.overload
     224def _map_date_part(part: t.Optional[exp.Expression]) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
     225    pass
     226
     227
     228def _map_date_part(part):
     229    mapped = DATE_PART_MAPPING.get(part.name.upper()) if part else None
     230    return exp.var(mapped) if mapped else part
     231
     232
     233def _date_trunc_to_time(args: t.List) -> exp.DateTrunc | exp.TimestampTrunc:
     234    trunc = date_trunc_to_time(args)
     235    trunc.set("unit", _map_date_part(trunc.args["unit"]))
     236    return trunc
     237
     238
     239def _build_timestamp_from_parts(args: t.List) -> exp.Func:
     240    if len(args) == 2:
     241        # Other dialects don't have the TIMESTAMP_FROM_PARTS(date, time) concept,
     242        # so we parse this into Anonymous for now instead of introducing complexity
     243        return exp.Anonymous(this="TIMESTAMP_FROM_PARTS", expressions=args)
     244
     245    return exp.TimestampFromParts.from_arg_list(args)
     246
     247
     248def _unqualify_unpivot_columns(expression: exp.Expression) -> exp.Expression:
     249    """
     250    Snowflake doesn't allow columns referenced in UNPIVOT to be qualified,
     251    so we need to unqualify them.
     252
     253    Example:
     254        >>> from sqlglot import parse_one
     255        >>> expr = parse_one("SELECT * FROM m_sales UNPIVOT(sales FOR month IN (m_sales.jan, feb, mar, april))")
     256        >>> print(_unqualify_unpivot_columns(expr).sql(dialect="snowflake"))
     257        SELECT * FROM m_sales UNPIVOT(sales FOR month IN (jan, feb, mar, april))
     258    """
     259    if isinstance(expression, exp.Pivot) and expression.unpivot:
     260        expression = transforms.unqualify_columns(expression)
     261
     262    return expression
     263
     264
     265def _flatten_structured_types_unless_iceberg(expression: exp.Expression) -> exp.Expression:
     266    assert isinstance(expression, exp.Create)
     267
     268    def _flatten_structured_type(expression: exp.DataType) -> exp.DataType:
     269        if expression.this in exp.DataType.NESTED_TYPES:
     270            expression.set("expressions", None)
     271        return expression
     272
     273    props = expression.args.get("properties")
     274    if isinstance(expression.this, exp.Schema) and not (props and props.find(exp.IcebergProperty)):
     275        for schema_expression in expression.this.expressions:
     276            if isinstance(schema_expression, exp.ColumnDef):
     277                column_type = schema_expression.kind
     278                if isinstance(column_type, exp.DataType):
     279                    column_type.transform(_flatten_structured_type, copy=False)
     280
     281    return expression
     282
     283
     284class Snowflake(Dialect):
     285    # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/identifiers-syntax
     286    NORMALIZATION_STRATEGY = NormalizationStrategy.UPPERCASE
     287    NULL_ORDERING = "nulls_are_large"
     288    TIME_FORMAT = "'YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS'"
     289    SUPPORTS_USER_DEFINED_TYPES = False
     290    SUPPORTS_SEMI_ANTI_JOIN = False
     291    PREFER_CTE_ALIAS_COLUMN = True
     292    TABLESAMPLE_SIZE_IS_PERCENT = True
     293    COPY_PARAMS_ARE_CSV = False
     294
     295    TIME_MAPPING = {
     296        "YYYY": "%Y",
     297        "yyyy": "%Y",
     298        "YY": "%y",
     299        "yy": "%y",
     300        "MMMM": "%B",
     301        "mmmm": "%B",
     302        "MON": "%b",
     303        "mon": "%b",
     304        "MM": "%m",
     305        "mm": "%m",
     306        "DD": "%d",
     307        "dd": "%-d",
     308        "DY": "%a",
     309        "dy": "%w",
     310        "HH24": "%H",
     311        "hh24": "%H",
     312        "HH12": "%I",
     313        "hh12": "%I",
     314        "MI": "%M",
     315        "mi": "%M",
     316        "SS": "%S",
     317        "ss": "%S",
     318        "FF": "%f",
     319        "ff": "%f",
     320        "FF6": "%f",
     321        "ff6": "%f",
     322    }
     323
     324    def quote_identifier(self, expression: E, identify: bool = True) -> E:
     325        # This disables quoting DUAL in SELECT ... FROM DUAL, because Snowflake treats an
     326        # unquoted DUAL keyword in a special way and does not map it to a user-defined table
     327        if (
     328            isinstance(expression, exp.Identifier)
     329            and isinstance(expression.parent, exp.Table)
     330            and expression.name.lower() == "dual"
     331        ):
     332            return expression  # type: ignore
     333
     334        return super().quote_identifier(expression, identify=identify)
     335
     336    class Parser(parser.Parser):
     337        IDENTIFY_PIVOT_STRINGS = True
     338        DEFAULT_SAMPLING_METHOD = "BERNOULLI"
     339        COLON_IS_JSON_EXTRACT = True
     340
     341        ID_VAR_TOKENS = {
     342            *parser.Parser.ID_VAR_TOKENS,
     343            TokenType.MATCH_CONDITION,
     344        }
     345
     346        TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS = parser.Parser.TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS | {TokenType.WINDOW}
     347        TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS.discard(TokenType.MATCH_CONDITION)
     348
     349        FUNCTIONS = {
     350            **parser.Parser.FUNCTIONS,
     351            "APPROX_PERCENTILE": exp.ApproxQuantile.from_arg_list,
     352            "ARRAYAGG": exp.ArrayAgg.from_arg_list,
     353            "ARRAY_CONSTRUCT": exp.Array.from_arg_list,
     354            "ARRAY_CONTAINS": lambda args: exp.ArrayContains(
     355                this=seq_get(args, 1), expression=seq_get(args, 0)
     356            ),
     357            "ARRAY_GENERATE_RANGE": lambda args: exp.GenerateSeries(
     358                # ARRAY_GENERATE_RANGE has an exlusive end; we normalize it to be inclusive
     359                start=seq_get(args, 0),
     360                end=exp.Sub(this=seq_get(args, 1), expression=exp.Literal.number(1)),
     361                step=seq_get(args, 2),
     362            ),
     363            "BITXOR": binary_from_function(exp.BitwiseXor),
     364            "BIT_XOR": binary_from_function(exp.BitwiseXor),
     365            "BOOLXOR": binary_from_function(exp.Xor),
     366            "CONVERT_TIMEZONE": _build_convert_timezone,
     367            "DATE": _build_datetime("DATE", exp.DataType.Type.DATE),
     368            "DATE_TRUNC": _date_trunc_to_time,
     369            "DATEADD": _build_date_time_add(exp.DateAdd),
     370            "DATEDIFF": _build_datediff,
     371            "DIV0": _build_if_from_div0,
     372            "FLATTEN": exp.Explode.from_arg_list,
     373            "GET_PATH": lambda args, dialect: exp.JSONExtract(
     374                this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=dialect.to_json_path(seq_get(args, 1))
     375            ),
     376            "IFF": exp.If.from_arg_list,
     377            "LAST_DAY": lambda args: exp.LastDay(
     378                this=seq_get(args, 0), unit=_map_date_part(seq_get(args, 1))
     379            ),
     380            "LISTAGG": exp.GroupConcat.from_arg_list,
     381            "MEDIAN": lambda args: exp.PercentileCont(
     382                this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=exp.Literal.number(0.5)
     383            ),
     384            "NULLIFZERO": _build_if_from_nullifzero,
     385            "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT": _build_object_construct,
     386            "REGEXP_REPLACE": _build_regexp_replace,
     387            "REGEXP_SUBSTR": exp.RegexpExtract.from_arg_list,
     388            "RLIKE": exp.RegexpLike.from_arg_list,
     389            "SQUARE": lambda args: exp.Pow(this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=exp.Literal.number(2)),
     390            "TIMEADD": _build_date_time_add(exp.TimeAdd),
     391            "TIMEDIFF": _build_datediff,
     392            "TIMESTAMPADD": _build_date_time_add(exp.DateAdd),
     393            "TIMESTAMPDIFF": _build_datediff,
     394            "TIMESTAMPFROMPARTS": _build_timestamp_from_parts,
     395            "TIMESTAMP_FROM_PARTS": _build_timestamp_from_parts,
     396            "TRY_TO_DATE": _build_datetime("TRY_TO_DATE", exp.DataType.Type.DATE, safe=True),
     397            "TO_DATE": _build_datetime("TO_DATE", exp.DataType.Type.DATE),
     398            "TO_NUMBER": lambda args: exp.ToNumber(
     399                this=seq_get(args, 0),
     400                format=seq_get(args, 1),
     401                precision=seq_get(args, 2),
     402                scale=seq_get(args, 3),
     403            ),
     404            "TO_TIME": _build_datetime("TO_TIME", exp.DataType.Type.TIME),
     405            "TO_TIMESTAMP": _build_datetime("TO_TIMESTAMP", exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP),
     406            "TO_TIMESTAMP_LTZ": _build_datetime("TO_TIMESTAMP_LTZ", exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPLTZ),
     407            "TO_TIMESTAMP_NTZ": _build_datetime("TO_TIMESTAMP_NTZ", exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP),
     408            "TO_TIMESTAMP_TZ": _build_datetime("TO_TIMESTAMP_TZ", exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPTZ),
     409            "TO_VARCHAR": exp.ToChar.from_arg_list,
     410            "ZEROIFNULL": _build_if_from_zeroifnull,
     411        }
     412
     413        FUNCTION_PARSERS = {
     414            **parser.Parser.FUNCTION_PARSERS,
     415            "DATE_PART": lambda self: self._parse_date_part(),
     416            "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT_KEEP_NULL": lambda self: self._parse_json_object(),
     417        }
     418        FUNCTION_PARSERS.pop("TRIM")
     419
     420        TIMESTAMPS = parser.Parser.TIMESTAMPS - {TokenType.TIME}
     421
     422        RANGE_PARSERS = {
     423            **parser.Parser.RANGE_PARSERS,
     424            TokenType.LIKE_ANY: parser.binary_range_parser(exp.LikeAny),
     425            TokenType.ILIKE_ANY: parser.binary_range_parser(exp.ILikeAny),
     426        }
     427
     428        ALTER_PARSERS = {
     429            **parser.Parser.ALTER_PARSERS,
     430            "UNSET": lambda self: self.expression(
     431                exp.Set,
     432                tag=self._match_text_seq("TAG"),
     433                expressions=self._parse_csv(self._parse_id_var),
     434                unset=True,
     435            ),
     436            "SWAP": lambda self: self._parse_alter_table_swap(),
     437        }
     438
     439        STATEMENT_PARSERS = {
     440            **parser.Parser.STATEMENT_PARSERS,
     441            TokenType.SHOW: lambda self: self._parse_show(),
     442        }
     443
     444        PROPERTY_PARSERS = {
     445            **parser.Parser.PROPERTY_PARSERS,
     446            "LOCATION": lambda self: self._parse_location_property(),
     447        }
     448
     449        TYPE_CONVERTER = {
     450            # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/data-types-numeric#number
     451            exp.DataType.Type.DECIMAL: build_default_decimal_type(precision=38, scale=0),
     452        }
     453
     454        SHOW_PARSERS = {
     455            "SCHEMAS": _show_parser("SCHEMAS"),
     456            "TERSE SCHEMAS": _show_parser("SCHEMAS"),
     457            "OBJECTS": _show_parser("OBJECTS"),
     458            "TERSE OBJECTS": _show_parser("OBJECTS"),
     459            "TABLES": _show_parser("TABLES"),
     460            "TERSE TABLES": _show_parser("TABLES"),
     461            "VIEWS": _show_parser("VIEWS"),
     462            "TERSE VIEWS": _show_parser("VIEWS"),
     463            "PRIMARY KEYS": _show_parser("PRIMARY KEYS"),
     464            "TERSE PRIMARY KEYS": _show_parser("PRIMARY KEYS"),
     465            "IMPORTED KEYS": _show_parser("IMPORTED KEYS"),
     466            "TERSE IMPORTED KEYS": _show_parser("IMPORTED KEYS"),
     467            "UNIQUE KEYS": _show_parser("UNIQUE KEYS"),
     468            "TERSE UNIQUE KEYS": _show_parser("UNIQUE KEYS"),
     469            "SEQUENCES": _show_parser("SEQUENCES"),
     470            "TERSE SEQUENCES": _show_parser("SEQUENCES"),
     471            "COLUMNS": _show_parser("COLUMNS"),
     472            "USERS": _show_parser("USERS"),
     473            "TERSE USERS": _show_parser("USERS"),
     474        }
     475
     476        STAGED_FILE_SINGLE_TOKENS = {
     477            TokenType.DOT,
     478            TokenType.MOD,
     479            TokenType.SLASH,
     480        }
     481
     482        FLATTEN_COLUMNS = ["SEQ", "KEY", "PATH", "INDEX", "VALUE", "THIS"]
     483
     484        SCHEMA_KINDS = {"OBJECTS", "TABLES", "VIEWS", "SEQUENCES", "UNIQUE KEYS", "IMPORTED KEYS"}
     485
     486        LAMBDAS = {
     487            **parser.Parser.LAMBDAS,
     488            TokenType.ARROW: lambda self, expressions: self.expression(
     489                exp.Lambda,
     490                this=self._replace_lambda(
     491                    self._parse_conjunction(),
     492                    expressions,
     493                ),
     494                expressions=[e.this if isinstance(e, exp.Cast) else e for e in expressions],
     495            ),
     496        }
     497
     498        def _parse_create(self) -> exp.Create | exp.Command:
     499            expression = super()._parse_create()
     500            if isinstance(expression, exp.Create) and expression.kind == "TAG":
     501                # Replace the Table node with the enclosed Identifier
     502                expression.this.replace(expression.this.this)
     503
     504            return expression
     505
     506        # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions/date_part.html
     507        # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions-date-time.html#label-supported-date-time-parts
     508        def _parse_date_part(self: Snowflake.Parser) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
     509            this = self._parse_var() or self._parse_type()
     510
     511            if not this:
     512                return None
     513
     514            self._match(TokenType.COMMA)
     515            expression = self._parse_bitwise()
     516            this = _map_date_part(this)
     517            name = this.name.upper()
     518
     519            if name.startswith("EPOCH"):
     520                if name == "EPOCH_MILLISECOND":
     521                    scale = 10**3
     522                elif name == "EPOCH_MICROSECOND":
     523                    scale = 10**6
     524                elif name == "EPOCH_NANOSECOND":
     525                    scale = 10**9
     526                else:
     527                    scale = None
     528
     529                ts = self.expression(exp.Cast, this=expression, to=exp.DataType.build("TIMESTAMP"))
     530                to_unix: exp.Expression = self.expression(exp.TimeToUnix, this=ts)
     531
     532                if scale:
     533                    to_unix = exp.Mul(this=to_unix, expression=exp.Literal.number(scale))
     534
     535                return to_unix
     536
     537            return self.expression(exp.Extract, this=this, expression=expression)
     538
     539        def _parse_bracket_key_value(self, is_map: bool = False) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
     540            if is_map:
     541                # Keys are strings in Snowflake's objects, see also:
     542                # - https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/data-types-semistructured
     543                # - https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions/object_construct
     544                return self._parse_slice(self._parse_string())
     545
     546            return self._parse_slice(self._parse_alias(self._parse_conjunction(), explicit=True))
     547
     548        def _parse_lateral(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Lateral]:
     549            lateral = super()._parse_lateral()
     550            if not lateral:
     551                return lateral
     552
     553            if isinstance(lateral.this, exp.Explode):
     554                table_alias = lateral.args.get("alias")
     555                columns = [exp.to_identifier(col) for col in self.FLATTEN_COLUMNS]
     556                if table_alias and not table_alias.args.get("columns"):
     557                    table_alias.set("columns", columns)
     558                elif not table_alias:
     559                    exp.alias_(lateral, "_flattened", table=columns, copy=False)
     560
     561            return lateral
     562
     563        def _parse_at_before(self, table: exp.Table) -> exp.Table:
     564            # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/constructs/at-before
     565            index = self._index
     566            if self._match_texts(("AT", "BEFORE")):
     567                this = self._prev.text.upper()
     568                kind = (
     569                    self._match(TokenType.L_PAREN)
     570                    and self._match_texts(self.HISTORICAL_DATA_KIND)
     571                    and self._prev.text.upper()
     572                )
     573                expression = self._match(TokenType.FARROW) and self._parse_bitwise()
     574
     575                if expression:
     576                    self._match_r_paren()
     577                    when = self.expression(
     578                        exp.HistoricalData, this=this, kind=kind, expression=expression
     579                    )
     580                    table.set("when", when)
     581                else:
     582                    self._retreat(index)
     583
     584            return table
     585
     586        def _parse_table_parts(
     587            self, schema: bool = False, is_db_reference: bool = False, wildcard: bool = False
     588        ) -> exp.Table:
     589            # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/user-guide/querying-stage
     590            if self._match(TokenType.STRING, advance=False):
     591                table = self._parse_string()
     592            elif self._match_text_seq("@", advance=False):
     593                table = self._parse_location_path()
     594            else:
     595                table = None
     596
     597            if table:
     598                file_format = None
     599                pattern = None
     600
     601                wrapped = self._match(TokenType.L_PAREN)
     602                while self._curr and wrapped and not self._match(TokenType.R_PAREN):
     603                    if self._match_text_seq("FILE_FORMAT", "=>"):
     604                        file_format = self._parse_string() or super()._parse_table_parts(
     605                            is_db_reference=is_db_reference
     606                        )
     607                    elif self._match_text_seq("PATTERN", "=>"):
     608                        pattern = self._parse_string()
     609                    else:
     610                        break
     611
     612                    self._match(TokenType.COMMA)
     613
     614                table = self.expression(exp.Table, this=table, format=file_format, pattern=pattern)
     615            else:
     616                table = super()._parse_table_parts(schema=schema, is_db_reference=is_db_reference)
     617
     618            return self._parse_at_before(table)
     619
     620        def _parse_id_var(
     621            self,
     622            any_token: bool = True,
     623            tokens: t.Optional[t.Collection[TokenType]] = None,
     624        ) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
     625            if self._match_text_seq("IDENTIFIER", "("):
     626                identifier = (
     627                    super()._parse_id_var(any_token=any_token, tokens=tokens)
     628                    or self._parse_string()
     629                )
     630                self._match_r_paren()
     631                return self.expression(exp.Anonymous, this="IDENTIFIER", expressions=[identifier])
     632
     633            return super()._parse_id_var(any_token=any_token, tokens=tokens)
     634
     635        def _parse_show_snowflake(self, this: str) -> exp.Show:
     636            scope = None
     637            scope_kind = None
     638
     639            # will identity SHOW TERSE SCHEMAS but not SHOW TERSE PRIMARY KEYS
     640            # which is syntactically valid but has no effect on the output
     641            terse = self._tokens[self._index - 2].text.upper() == "TERSE"
     642
     643            history = self._match_text_seq("HISTORY")
     644
     645            like = self._parse_string() if self._match(TokenType.LIKE) else None
     646
     647            if self._match(TokenType.IN):
     648                if self._match_text_seq("ACCOUNT"):
     649                    scope_kind = "ACCOUNT"
     650                elif self._match_set(self.DB_CREATABLES):
     651                    scope_kind = self._prev.text.upper()
     652                    if self._curr:
     653                        scope = self._parse_table_parts()
     654                elif self._curr:
     655                    scope_kind = "SCHEMA" if this in self.SCHEMA_KINDS else "TABLE"
     656                    scope = self._parse_table_parts()
     657
     658            return self.expression(
     659                exp.Show,
     660                **{
     661                    "terse": terse,
     662                    "this": this,
     663                    "history": history,
     664                    "like": like,
     665                    "scope": scope,
     666                    "scope_kind": scope_kind,
     667                    "starts_with": self._match_text_seq("STARTS", "WITH") and self._parse_string(),
     668                    "limit": self._parse_limit(),
     669                    "from": self._parse_string() if self._match(TokenType.FROM) else None,
     670                },
     671            )
     672
     673        def _parse_alter_table_swap(self) -> exp.SwapTable:
     674            self._match_text_seq("WITH")
     675            return self.expression(exp.SwapTable, this=self._parse_table(schema=True))
     676
     677        def _parse_location_property(self) -> exp.LocationProperty:
     678            self._match(TokenType.EQ)
     679            return self.expression(exp.LocationProperty, this=self._parse_location_path())
     680
     681        def _parse_file_location(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
     682            # Parse either a subquery or a staged file
     683            return (
     684                self._parse_select(table=True)
     685                if self._match(TokenType.L_PAREN, advance=False)
     686                else self._parse_table_parts()
     687            )
     688
     689        def _parse_location_path(self) -> exp.Var:
     690            parts = [self._advance_any(ignore_reserved=True)]
     691
     692            # We avoid consuming a comma token because external tables like @foo and @bar
     693            # can be joined in a query with a comma separator, as well as closing paren
     694            # in case of subqueries
     695            while self._is_connected() and not self._match_set(
     696                (TokenType.COMMA, TokenType.R_PAREN), advance=False
     697            ):
     698                parts.append(self._advance_any(ignore_reserved=True))
     699
     700            return exp.var("".join(part.text for part in parts if part))
     701
     702        def _parse_lambda_arg(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
     703            this = super()._parse_lambda_arg()
     704
     705            if not this:
     706                return this
     707
     708            typ = self._parse_types()
     709
     710            if typ:
     711                return self.expression(exp.Cast, this=this, to=typ)
     712
     713            return this
     714
     715    class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer):
     716        STRING_ESCAPES = ["\\", "'"]
     717        HEX_STRINGS = [("x'", "'"), ("X'", "'")]
     718        RAW_STRINGS = ["$$"]
     719        COMMENTS = ["--", "//", ("/*", "*/")]
     720
     721        KEYWORDS = {
     722            **tokens.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,
     723            "BYTEINT": TokenType.INT,
     724            "CHAR VARYING": TokenType.VARCHAR,
     725            "CHARACTER VARYING": TokenType.VARCHAR,
     726            "EXCLUDE": TokenType.EXCEPT,
     727            "ILIKE ANY": TokenType.ILIKE_ANY,
     728            "LIKE ANY": TokenType.LIKE_ANY,
     729            "MATCH_CONDITION": TokenType.MATCH_CONDITION,
     730            "MATCH_RECOGNIZE": TokenType.MATCH_RECOGNIZE,
     731            "MINUS": TokenType.EXCEPT,
     732            "NCHAR VARYING": TokenType.VARCHAR,
     733            "PUT": TokenType.COMMAND,
     734            "REMOVE": TokenType.COMMAND,
     735            "RM": TokenType.COMMAND,
     736            "SAMPLE": TokenType.TABLE_SAMPLE,
     737            "SQL_DOUBLE": TokenType.DOUBLE,
     738            "SQL_VARCHAR": TokenType.VARCHAR,
     739            "STORAGE INTEGRATION": TokenType.STORAGE_INTEGRATION,
     740            "TAG": TokenType.TAG,
     741            "TIMESTAMP_TZ": TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ,
     742            "TOP": TokenType.TOP,
     743        }
     744
     745        SINGLE_TOKENS = {
     746            **tokens.Tokenizer.SINGLE_TOKENS,
     747            "$": TokenType.PARAMETER,
     748        }
     749
     750        VAR_SINGLE_TOKENS = {"$"}
     751
     752        COMMANDS = tokens.Tokenizer.COMMANDS - {TokenType.SHOW}
     753
     754    class Generator(generator.Generator):
     755        PARAMETER_TOKEN = "$"
     756        MATCHED_BY_SOURCE = False
     757        SINGLE_STRING_INTERVAL = True
     758        JOIN_HINTS = False
     759        TABLE_HINTS = False
     760        QUERY_HINTS = False
     761        AGGREGATE_FILTER_SUPPORTED = False
     762        SUPPORTS_TABLE_COPY = False
     763        COLLATE_IS_FUNC = True
     764        LIMIT_ONLY_LITERALS = True
     765        JSON_KEY_VALUE_PAIR_SEP = ","
     766        INSERT_OVERWRITE = " OVERWRITE INTO"
     767        STRUCT_DELIMITER = ("(", ")")
     768        COPY_PARAMS_ARE_WRAPPED = False
     769        COPY_PARAMS_EQ_REQUIRED = True
     770        STAR_EXCEPT = "EXCLUDE"
     771
     772        TRANSFORMS = {
     773            **generator.Generator.TRANSFORMS,
     774            exp.ApproxDistinct: rename_func("APPROX_COUNT_DISTINCT"),
     775            exp.ArgMax: rename_func("MAX_BY"),
     776            exp.ArgMin: rename_func("MIN_BY"),
     777            exp.Array: inline_array_sql,
     778            exp.ArrayConcat: rename_func("ARRAY_CAT"),
     779            exp.ArrayContains: lambda self, e: self.func("ARRAY_CONTAINS", e.expression, e.this),
     780            exp.AtTimeZone: lambda self, e: self.func(
     781                "CONVERT_TIMEZONE", e.args.get("zone"), e.this
     782            ),
     783            exp.BitwiseXor: rename_func("BITXOR"),
     784            exp.Create: transforms.preprocess([_flatten_structured_types_unless_iceberg]),
     785            exp.DateAdd: date_delta_sql("DATEADD"),
     786            exp.DateDiff: date_delta_sql("DATEDIFF"),
     787            exp.DateStrToDate: datestrtodate_sql,
     788            exp.DayOfMonth: rename_func("DAYOFMONTH"),
     789            exp.DayOfWeek: rename_func("DAYOFWEEK"),
     790            exp.DayOfYear: rename_func("DAYOFYEAR"),
     791            exp.Explode: rename_func("FLATTEN"),
     792            exp.Extract: rename_func("DATE_PART"),
     793            exp.FromTimeZone: lambda self, e: self.func(
     794                "CONVERT_TIMEZONE", e.args.get("zone"), "'UTC'", e.this
     795            ),
     796            exp.GenerateSeries: lambda self, e: self.func(
     797                "ARRAY_GENERATE_RANGE", e.args["start"], e.args["end"] + 1, e.args.get("step")
     798            ),
     799            exp.GroupConcat: rename_func("LISTAGG"),
     800            exp.If: if_sql(name="IFF", false_value="NULL"),
     801            exp.JSONExtract: lambda self, e: self.func("GET_PATH", e.this, e.expression),
     802            exp.JSONExtractScalar: lambda self, e: self.func(
     803                "JSON_EXTRACT_PATH_TEXT", e.this, e.expression
     804            ),
     805            exp.JSONObject: lambda self, e: self.func("OBJECT_CONSTRUCT_KEEP_NULL", *e.expressions),
     806            exp.JSONPathRoot: lambda *_: "",
     807            exp.LogicalAnd: rename_func("BOOLAND_AGG"),
     808            exp.LogicalOr: rename_func("BOOLOR_AGG"),
     809            exp.Map: lambda self, e: var_map_sql(self, e, "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT"),
     810            exp.Max: max_or_greatest,
     811            exp.Min: min_or_least,
     812            exp.PartitionedByProperty: lambda self, e: f"PARTITION BY {self.sql(e, 'this')}",
     813            exp.PercentileCont: transforms.preprocess(
     814                [transforms.add_within_group_for_percentiles]
     815            ),
     816            exp.PercentileDisc: transforms.preprocess(
     817                [transforms.add_within_group_for_percentiles]
     818            ),
     819            exp.Pivot: transforms.preprocess([_unqualify_unpivot_columns]),
     820            exp.RegexpILike: _regexpilike_sql,
     821            exp.Rand: rename_func("RANDOM"),
     822            exp.Select: transforms.preprocess(
     823                [
     824                    transforms.eliminate_distinct_on,
     825                    transforms.explode_to_unnest(),
     826                    transforms.eliminate_semi_and_anti_joins,
     827                ]
     828            ),
     829            exp.SHA: rename_func("SHA1"),
     830            exp.StarMap: rename_func("OBJECT_CONSTRUCT"),
     831            exp.StartsWith: rename_func("STARTSWITH"),
     832            exp.StrPosition: lambda self, e: self.func(
     833                "POSITION", e.args.get("substr"), e.this, e.args.get("position")
     834            ),
     835            exp.StrToTime: lambda self, e: self.func("TO_TIMESTAMP", e.this, self.format_time(e)),
     836            exp.Stuff: rename_func("INSERT"),
     837            exp.TimeAdd: date_delta_sql("TIMEADD"),
     838            exp.TimestampDiff: lambda self, e: self.func(
     839                "TIMESTAMPDIFF", e.unit, e.expression, e.this
     840            ),
     841            exp.TimestampTrunc: timestamptrunc_sql(),
     842            exp.TimeStrToTime: timestrtotime_sql,
     843            exp.TimeToStr: lambda self, e: self.func(
     844                "TO_CHAR", exp.cast(e.this, exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP), self.format_time(e)
     845            ),
     846            exp.TimeToUnix: lambda self, e: f"EXTRACT(epoch_second FROM {self.sql(e, 'this')})",
     847            exp.ToArray: rename_func("TO_ARRAY"),
     848            exp.ToChar: lambda self, e: self.function_fallback_sql(e),
     849            exp.Trim: lambda self, e: self.func("TRIM", e.this, e.expression),
     850            exp.TsOrDsAdd: date_delta_sql("DATEADD", cast=True),
     851            exp.TsOrDsDiff: date_delta_sql("DATEDIFF"),
     852            exp.TsOrDsToDate: lambda self, e: self.func(
     853                "TRY_TO_DATE" if e.args.get("safe") else "TO_DATE", e.this, self.format_time(e)
     854            ),
     855            exp.UnixToTime: rename_func("TO_TIMESTAMP"),
     856            exp.VarMap: lambda self, e: var_map_sql(self, e, "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT"),
     857            exp.WeekOfYear: rename_func("WEEKOFYEAR"),
     858            exp.Xor: rename_func("BOOLXOR"),
     859        }
     860
     861        SUPPORTED_JSON_PATH_PARTS = {
     862            exp.JSONPathKey,
     863            exp.JSONPathRoot,
     864            exp.JSONPathSubscript,
     865        }
     866
     867        TYPE_MAPPING = {
     868            **generator.Generator.TYPE_MAPPING,
     869            exp.DataType.Type.NESTED: "OBJECT",
     870            exp.DataType.Type.STRUCT: "OBJECT",
     871        }
     872
     873        PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {
     874            **generator.Generator.PROPERTIES_LOCATION,
     875            exp.SetProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
     876            exp.VolatileProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
     877        }
     878
     879        UNSUPPORTED_VALUES_EXPRESSIONS = {
     880            exp.Map,
     881            exp.StarMap,
     882            exp.Struct,
     883            exp.VarMap,
     884        }
     885
     886        def with_properties(self, properties: exp.Properties) -> str:
     887            return self.properties(properties, wrapped=False, prefix=self.sep(""), sep=" ")
     888
     889        def values_sql(self, expression: exp.Values, values_as_table: bool = True) -> str:
     890            if expression.find(*self.UNSUPPORTED_VALUES_EXPRESSIONS):
     891                values_as_table = False
     892
     893            return super().values_sql(expression, values_as_table=values_as_table)
     894
     895        def datatype_sql(self, expression: exp.DataType) -> str:
     896            expressions = expression.expressions
     897            if (
     898                expressions
     899                and expression.is_type(*exp.DataType.STRUCT_TYPES)
     900                and any(isinstance(field_type, exp.DataType) for field_type in expressions)
     901            ):
     902                # The correct syntax is OBJECT [ (<key> <value_type [NOT NULL] [, ...]) ]
     903                return "OBJECT"
     904
     905            return super().datatype_sql(expression)
     906
     907        def tonumber_sql(self, expression: exp.ToNumber) -> str:
     908            return self.func(
     909                "TO_NUMBER",
     910                expression.this,
     911                expression.args.get("format"),
     912                expression.args.get("precision"),
     913                expression.args.get("scale"),
     914            )
     915
     916        def timestampfromparts_sql(self, expression: exp.TimestampFromParts) -> str:
     917            milli = expression.args.get("milli")
     918            if milli is not None:
     919                milli_to_nano = milli.pop() * exp.Literal.number(1000000)
     920                expression.set("nano", milli_to_nano)
     921
     922            return rename_func("TIMESTAMP_FROM_PARTS")(self, expression)
     923
     924        def trycast_sql(self, expression: exp.TryCast) -> str:
     925            value = expression.this
     926
     927            if value.type is None:
     928                from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
     929
     930                value = annotate_types(value)
     931
     932            if value.is_type(*exp.DataType.TEXT_TYPES, exp.DataType.Type.UNKNOWN):
     933                return super().trycast_sql(expression)
     934
     935            # TRY_CAST only works for string values in Snowflake
     936            return self.cast_sql(expression)
     937
     938        def log_sql(self, expression: exp.Log) -> str:
     939            if not expression.expression:
     940                return self.func("LN", expression.this)
     941
     942            return super().log_sql(expression)
     943
     944        def unnest_sql(self, expression: exp.Unnest) -> str:
     945            unnest_alias = expression.args.get("alias")
     946            offset = expression.args.get("offset")
     947
     948            columns = [
     949                exp.to_identifier("seq"),
     950                exp.to_identifier("key"),
     951                exp.to_identifier("path"),
     952                offset.pop() if isinstance(offset, exp.Expression) else exp.to_identifier("index"),
     953                seq_get(unnest_alias.columns if unnest_alias else [], 0)
     954                or exp.to_identifier("value"),
     955                exp.to_identifier("this"),
     956            ]
     957
     958            if unnest_alias:
     959                unnest_alias.set("columns", columns)
     960            else:
     961                unnest_alias = exp.TableAlias(this="_u", columns=columns)
     962
     963            explode = f"TABLE(FLATTEN(INPUT => {self.sql(expression.expressions[0])}))"
     964            alias = self.sql(unnest_alias)
     965            alias = f" AS {alias}" if alias else ""
     966            return f"{explode}{alias}"
     967
     968        def show_sql(self, expression: exp.Show) -> str:
     969            terse = "TERSE " if expression.args.get("terse") else ""
     970            history = " HISTORY" if expression.args.get("history") else ""
     971            like = self.sql(expression, "like")
     972            like = f" LIKE {like}" if like else ""
     973
     974            scope = self.sql(expression, "scope")
     975            scope = f" {scope}" if scope else ""
     976
     977            scope_kind = self.sql(expression, "scope_kind")
     978            if scope_kind:
     979                scope_kind = f" IN {scope_kind}"
     980
     981            starts_with = self.sql(expression, "starts_with")
     982            if starts_with:
     983                starts_with = f" STARTS WITH {starts_with}"
     984
     985            limit = self.sql(expression, "limit")
     986
     987            from_ = self.sql(expression, "from")
     988            if from_:
     989                from_ = f" FROM {from_}"
     990
     991            return f"SHOW {terse}{expression.name}{history}{like}{scope_kind}{scope}{starts_with}{limit}{from_}"
     992
     993        def regexpextract_sql(self, expression: exp.RegexpExtract) -> str:
     994            # Other dialects don't support all of the following parameters, so we need to
     995            # generate default values as necessary to ensure the transpilation is correct
     996            group = expression.args.get("group")
     997            parameters = expression.args.get("parameters") or (group and exp.Literal.string("c"))
     998            occurrence = expression.args.get("occurrence") or (parameters and exp.Literal.number(1))
     999            position = expression.args.get("position") or (occurrence and exp.Literal.number(1))
    1000
    1001            return self.func(
    1002                "REGEXP_SUBSTR",
    1003                expression.this,
    1004                expression.expression,
    1005                position,
    1006                occurrence,
    1007                parameters,
    1008                group,
    1009            )
    1010
    1011        def except_op(self, expression: exp.Except) -> str:
    1012            if not expression.args.get("distinct"):
    1013                self.unsupported("EXCEPT with All is not supported in Snowflake")
    1014            return super().except_op(expression)
    1015
    1016        def intersect_op(self, expression: exp.Intersect) -> str:
    1017            if not expression.args.get("distinct"):
    1018                self.unsupported("INTERSECT with All is not supported in Snowflake")
    1019            return super().intersect_op(expression)
    1020
    1021        def describe_sql(self, expression: exp.Describe) -> str:
    1022            # Default to table if kind is unknown
    1023            kind_value = expression.args.get("kind") or "TABLE"
    1024            kind = f" {kind_value}" if kind_value else ""
    1025            this = f" {self.sql(expression, 'this')}"
    1026            expressions = self.expressions(expression, flat=True)
    1027            expressions = f" {expressions}" if expressions else ""
    1028            return f"DESCRIBE{kind}{this}{expressions}"
    1029
    1030        def generatedasidentitycolumnconstraint_sql(
    1031            self, expression: exp.GeneratedAsIdentityColumnConstraint
    1032        ) -> str:
    1033            start = expression.args.get("start")
    1034            start = f" START {start}" if start else ""
    1035            increment = expression.args.get("increment")
    1036            increment = f" INCREMENT {increment}" if increment else ""
    1037            return f"AUTOINCREMENT{start}{increment}"
    1038
    1039        def swaptable_sql(self, expression: exp.SwapTable) -> str:
    1040            this = self.sql(expression, "this")
    1041            return f"SWAP WITH {this}"
    1042
    1043        def cluster_sql(self, expression: exp.Cluster) -> str:
    1044            return f"CLUSTER BY ({self.expressions(expression, flat=True)})"
    1045
    1046        def struct_sql(self, expression: exp.Struct) -> str:
    1047            keys = []
    1048            values = []
    1049
    1050            for i, e in enumerate(expression.expressions):
    1051                if isinstance(e, exp.PropertyEQ):
    1052                    keys.append(
    1053                        exp.Literal.string(e.name) if isinstance(e.this, exp.Identifier) else e.this
    1054                    )
    1055                    values.append(e.expression)
    1056                else:
    1057                    keys.append(exp.Literal.string(f"_{i}"))
    1058                    values.append(e)
    1059
    1060            return self.func("OBJECT_CONSTRUCT", *flatten(zip(keys, values)))
    1061
    1062        def approxquantile_sql(self, expression: exp.ApproxQuantile) -> str:
    1063            if expression.args.get("weight") or expression.args.get("accuracy"):
    1064                self.unsupported(
    1065                    "APPROX_PERCENTILE with weight and/or accuracy arguments are not supported in Snowflake"
    1066                )
    1067
    1068            return self.func("APPROX_PERCENTILE", expression.this, expression.args.get("quantile"))
    1069
    1070        def alterset_sql(self, expression: exp.AlterSet) -> str:
    1071            exprs = self.expressions(expression, flat=True)
    1072            exprs = f" {exprs}" if exprs else ""
    1073            file_format = self.expressions(expression, key="file_format", flat=True, sep=" ")
    1074            file_format = f" STAGE_FILE_FORMAT = ({file_format})" if file_format else ""
    1075            copy_options = self.expressions(expression, key="copy_options", flat=True, sep=" ")
    1076            copy_options = f" STAGE_COPY_OPTIONS = ({copy_options})" if copy_options else ""
    1077            tag = self.expressions(expression, key="tag", flat=True)
    1078            tag = f" TAG {tag}" if tag else ""
    1079
    1080            return f"SET{exprs}{file_format}{copy_options}{tag}"

DATE_PART_MAPPING = {'Y': 'YEAR', 'YY': 'YEAR', 'YYY': 'YEAR', 'YYYY': 'YEAR', 'YR': 'YEAR', 'YEARS': 'YEAR', 'YRS': 'YEAR', 'MM': 'MONTH', 'MON': 'MONTH', 'MONS': 'MONTH', 'MONTHS': 'MONTH', 'D': 'DAY', 'DD': 'DAY', 'DAYS': 'DAY', 'DAYOFMONTH': 'DAY', 'WEEKDAY': 'DAYOFWEEK', 'DOW': 'DAYOFWEEK', 'DW': 'DAYOFWEEK', 'WEEKDAY_ISO': 'DAYOFWEEKISO', 'DOW_ISO': 'DAYOFWEEKISO', 'DW_ISO': 'DAYOFWEEKISO', 'YEARDAY': 'DAYOFYEAR', 'DOY': 'DAYOFYEAR', 'DY': 'DAYOFYEAR', 'W': 'WEEK', 'WK': 'WEEK', 'WEEKOFYEAR': 'WEEK', 'WOY': 'WEEK', 'WY': 'WEEK', 'WEEK_ISO': 'WEEKISO', 'WEEKOFYEARISO': 'WEEKISO', 'WEEKOFYEAR_ISO': 'WEEKISO', 'Q': 'QUARTER', 'QTR': 'QUARTER', 'QTRS': 'QUARTER', 'QUARTERS': 'QUARTER', 'H': 'HOUR', 'HH': 'HOUR', 'HR': 'HOUR', 'HOURS': 'HOUR', 'HRS': 'HOUR', 'M': 'MINUTE', 'MI': 'MINUTE', 'MIN': 'MINUTE', 'MINUTES': 'MINUTE', 'MINS': 'MINUTE', 'S': 'SECOND', 'SEC': 'SECOND', 'SECONDS': 'SECOND', 'SECS': 'SECOND', 'MS': 'MILLISECOND', 'MSEC': 'MILLISECOND', 'MILLISECONDS': 'MILLISECOND', 'US': 'MICROSECOND', 'USEC': 'MICROSECOND', 'MICROSECONDS': 'MICROSECOND', 'NS': 'NANOSECOND', 'NSEC': 'NANOSECOND', 'NANOSEC': 'NANOSECOND', 'NSECOND': 'NANOSECOND', 'NSECONDS': 'NANOSECOND', 'NANOSECS': 'NANOSECOND', 'EPOCH': 'EPOCH_SECOND', 'EPOCH_SECONDS': 'EPOCH_SECOND', 'EPOCH_MILLISECONDS': 'EPOCH_MILLISECOND', 'EPOCH_MICROSECONDS': 'EPOCH_MICROSECOND', 'EPOCH_NANOSECONDS': 'EPOCH_NANOSECOND', 'TZH': 'TIMEZONE_HOUR', 'TZM': 'TIMEZONE_MINUTE'}
class Snowflake(sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect): View Source

     285class Snowflake(Dialect):
     286    # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/identifiers-syntax
     287    NORMALIZATION_STRATEGY = NormalizationStrategy.UPPERCASE
     288    NULL_ORDERING = "nulls_are_large"
     289    TIME_FORMAT = "'YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS'"
     290    SUPPORTS_USER_DEFINED_TYPES = False
     291    SUPPORTS_SEMI_ANTI_JOIN = False
     292    PREFER_CTE_ALIAS_COLUMN = True
     293    TABLESAMPLE_SIZE_IS_PERCENT = True
     294    COPY_PARAMS_ARE_CSV = False
     295
     296    TIME_MAPPING = {
     297        "YYYY": "%Y",
     298        "yyyy": "%Y",
     299        "YY": "%y",
     300        "yy": "%y",
     301        "MMMM": "%B",
     302        "mmmm": "%B",
     303        "MON": "%b",
     304        "mon": "%b",
     305        "MM": "%m",
     306        "mm": "%m",
     307        "DD": "%d",
     308        "dd": "%-d",
     309        "DY": "%a",
     310        "dy": "%w",
     311        "HH24": "%H",
     312        "hh24": "%H",
     313        "HH12": "%I",
     314        "hh12": "%I",
     315        "MI": "%M",
     316        "mi": "%M",
     317        "SS": "%S",
     318        "ss": "%S",
     319        "FF": "%f",
     320        "ff": "%f",
     321        "FF6": "%f",
     322        "ff6": "%f",
     323    }
     324
     325    def quote_identifier(self, expression: E, identify: bool = True) -> E:
     326        # This disables quoting DUAL in SELECT ... FROM DUAL, because Snowflake treats an
     327        # unquoted DUAL keyword in a special way and does not map it to a user-defined table
     328        if (
     329            isinstance(expression, exp.Identifier)
     330            and isinstance(expression.parent, exp.Table)
     331            and expression.name.lower() == "dual"
     332        ):
     333            return expression  # type: ignore
     334
     335        return super().quote_identifier(expression, identify=identify)
     336
     337    class Parser(parser.Parser):
     338        IDENTIFY_PIVOT_STRINGS = True
     339        DEFAULT_SAMPLING_METHOD = "BERNOULLI"
     340        COLON_IS_JSON_EXTRACT = True
     341
     342        ID_VAR_TOKENS = {
     343            *parser.Parser.ID_VAR_TOKENS,
     344            TokenType.MATCH_CONDITION,
     345        }
     346
     347        TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS = parser.Parser.TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS | {TokenType.WINDOW}
     348        TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS.discard(TokenType.MATCH_CONDITION)
     349
     350        FUNCTIONS = {
     351            **parser.Parser.FUNCTIONS,
     352            "APPROX_PERCENTILE": exp.ApproxQuantile.from_arg_list,
     353            "ARRAYAGG": exp.ArrayAgg.from_arg_list,
     354            "ARRAY_CONSTRUCT": exp.Array.from_arg_list,
     355            "ARRAY_CONTAINS": lambda args: exp.ArrayContains(
     356                this=seq_get(args, 1), expression=seq_get(args, 0)
     357            ),
     358            "ARRAY_GENERATE_RANGE": lambda args: exp.GenerateSeries(
     359                # ARRAY_GENERATE_RANGE has an exlusive end; we normalize it to be inclusive
     360                start=seq_get(args, 0),
     361                end=exp.Sub(this=seq_get(args, 1), expression=exp.Literal.number(1)),
     362                step=seq_get(args, 2),
     363            ),
     364            "BITXOR": binary_from_function(exp.BitwiseXor),
     365            "BIT_XOR": binary_from_function(exp.BitwiseXor),
     366            "BOOLXOR": binary_from_function(exp.Xor),
     367            "CONVERT_TIMEZONE": _build_convert_timezone,
     368            "DATE": _build_datetime("DATE", exp.DataType.Type.DATE),
     369            "DATE_TRUNC": _date_trunc_to_time,
     370            "DATEADD": _build_date_time_add(exp.DateAdd),
     371            "DATEDIFF": _build_datediff,
     372            "DIV0": _build_if_from_div0,
     373            "FLATTEN": exp.Explode.from_arg_list,
     374            "GET_PATH": lambda args, dialect: exp.JSONExtract(
     375                this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=dialect.to_json_path(seq_get(args, 1))
     376            ),
     377            "IFF": exp.If.from_arg_list,
     378            "LAST_DAY": lambda args: exp.LastDay(
     379                this=seq_get(args, 0), unit=_map_date_part(seq_get(args, 1))
     380            ),
     381            "LISTAGG": exp.GroupConcat.from_arg_list,
     382            "MEDIAN": lambda args: exp.PercentileCont(
     383                this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=exp.Literal.number(0.5)
     384            ),
     385            "NULLIFZERO": _build_if_from_nullifzero,
     386            "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT": _build_object_construct,
     387            "REGEXP_REPLACE": _build_regexp_replace,
     388            "REGEXP_SUBSTR": exp.RegexpExtract.from_arg_list,
     389            "RLIKE": exp.RegexpLike.from_arg_list,
     390            "SQUARE": lambda args: exp.Pow(this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=exp.Literal.number(2)),
     391            "TIMEADD": _build_date_time_add(exp.TimeAdd),
     392            "TIMEDIFF": _build_datediff,
     393            "TIMESTAMPADD": _build_date_time_add(exp.DateAdd),
     394            "TIMESTAMPDIFF": _build_datediff,
     395            "TIMESTAMPFROMPARTS": _build_timestamp_from_parts,
     396            "TIMESTAMP_FROM_PARTS": _build_timestamp_from_parts,
     397            "TRY_TO_DATE": _build_datetime("TRY_TO_DATE", exp.DataType.Type.DATE, safe=True),
     398            "TO_DATE": _build_datetime("TO_DATE", exp.DataType.Type.DATE),
     399            "TO_NUMBER": lambda args: exp.ToNumber(
     400                this=seq_get(args, 0),
     401                format=seq_get(args, 1),
     402                precision=seq_get(args, 2),
     403                scale=seq_get(args, 3),
     404            ),
     405            "TO_TIME": _build_datetime("TO_TIME", exp.DataType.Type.TIME),
     406            "TO_TIMESTAMP": _build_datetime("TO_TIMESTAMP", exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP),
     407            "TO_TIMESTAMP_LTZ": _build_datetime("TO_TIMESTAMP_LTZ", exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPLTZ),
     408            "TO_TIMESTAMP_NTZ": _build_datetime("TO_TIMESTAMP_NTZ", exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP),
     409            "TO_TIMESTAMP_TZ": _build_datetime("TO_TIMESTAMP_TZ", exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPTZ),
     410            "TO_VARCHAR": exp.ToChar.from_arg_list,
     411            "ZEROIFNULL": _build_if_from_zeroifnull,
     412        }
     413
     414        FUNCTION_PARSERS = {
     415            **parser.Parser.FUNCTION_PARSERS,
     416            "DATE_PART": lambda self: self._parse_date_part(),
     417            "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT_KEEP_NULL": lambda self: self._parse_json_object(),
     418        }
     419        FUNCTION_PARSERS.pop("TRIM")
     420
     421        TIMESTAMPS = parser.Parser.TIMESTAMPS - {TokenType.TIME}
     422
     423        RANGE_PARSERS = {
     424            **parser.Parser.RANGE_PARSERS,
     425            TokenType.LIKE_ANY: parser.binary_range_parser(exp.LikeAny),
     426            TokenType.ILIKE_ANY: parser.binary_range_parser(exp.ILikeAny),
     427        }
     428
     429        ALTER_PARSERS = {
     430            **parser.Parser.ALTER_PARSERS,
     431            "UNSET": lambda self: self.expression(
     432                exp.Set,
     433                tag=self._match_text_seq("TAG"),
     434                expressions=self._parse_csv(self._parse_id_var),
     435                unset=True,
     436            ),
     437            "SWAP": lambda self: self._parse_alter_table_swap(),
     438        }
     439
     440        STATEMENT_PARSERS = {
     441            **parser.Parser.STATEMENT_PARSERS,
     442            TokenType.SHOW: lambda self: self._parse_show(),
     443        }
     444
     445        PROPERTY_PARSERS = {
     446            **parser.Parser.PROPERTY_PARSERS,
     447            "LOCATION": lambda self: self._parse_location_property(),
     448        }
     449
     450        TYPE_CONVERTER = {
     451            # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/data-types-numeric#number
     452            exp.DataType.Type.DECIMAL: build_default_decimal_type(precision=38, scale=0),
     453        }
     454
     455        SHOW_PARSERS = {
     456            "SCHEMAS": _show_parser("SCHEMAS"),
     457            "TERSE SCHEMAS": _show_parser("SCHEMAS"),
     458            "OBJECTS": _show_parser("OBJECTS"),
     459            "TERSE OBJECTS": _show_parser("OBJECTS"),
     460            "TABLES": _show_parser("TABLES"),
     461            "TERSE TABLES": _show_parser("TABLES"),
     462            "VIEWS": _show_parser("VIEWS"),
     463            "TERSE VIEWS": _show_parser("VIEWS"),
     464            "PRIMARY KEYS": _show_parser("PRIMARY KEYS"),
     465            "TERSE PRIMARY KEYS": _show_parser("PRIMARY KEYS"),
     466            "IMPORTED KEYS": _show_parser("IMPORTED KEYS"),
     467            "TERSE IMPORTED KEYS": _show_parser("IMPORTED KEYS"),
     468            "UNIQUE KEYS": _show_parser("UNIQUE KEYS"),
     469            "TERSE UNIQUE KEYS": _show_parser("UNIQUE KEYS"),
     470            "SEQUENCES": _show_parser("SEQUENCES"),
     471            "TERSE SEQUENCES": _show_parser("SEQUENCES"),
     472            "COLUMNS": _show_parser("COLUMNS"),
     473            "USERS": _show_parser("USERS"),
     474            "TERSE USERS": _show_parser("USERS"),
     475        }
     476
     477        STAGED_FILE_SINGLE_TOKENS = {
     478            TokenType.DOT,
     479            TokenType.MOD,
     480            TokenType.SLASH,
     481        }
     482
     483        FLATTEN_COLUMNS = ["SEQ", "KEY", "PATH", "INDEX", "VALUE", "THIS"]
     484
     485        SCHEMA_KINDS = {"OBJECTS", "TABLES", "VIEWS", "SEQUENCES", "UNIQUE KEYS", "IMPORTED KEYS"}
     486
     487        LAMBDAS = {
     488            **parser.Parser.LAMBDAS,
     489            TokenType.ARROW: lambda self, expressions: self.expression(
     490                exp.Lambda,
     491                this=self._replace_lambda(
     492                    self._parse_conjunction(),
     493                    expressions,
     494                ),
     495                expressions=[e.this if isinstance(e, exp.Cast) else e for e in expressions],
     496            ),
     497        }
     498
     499        def _parse_create(self) -> exp.Create | exp.Command:
     500            expression = super()._parse_create()
     501            if isinstance(expression, exp.Create) and expression.kind == "TAG":
     502                # Replace the Table node with the enclosed Identifier
     503                expression.this.replace(expression.this.this)
     504
     505            return expression
     506
     507        # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions/date_part.html
     508        # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions-date-time.html#label-supported-date-time-parts
     509        def _parse_date_part(self: Snowflake.Parser) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
     510            this = self._parse_var() or self._parse_type()
     511
     512            if not this:
     513                return None
     514
     515            self._match(TokenType.COMMA)
     516            expression = self._parse_bitwise()
     517            this = _map_date_part(this)
     518            name = this.name.upper()
     519
     520            if name.startswith("EPOCH"):
     521                if name == "EPOCH_MILLISECOND":
     522                    scale = 10**3
     523                elif name == "EPOCH_MICROSECOND":
     524                    scale = 10**6
     525                elif name == "EPOCH_NANOSECOND":
     526                    scale = 10**9
     527                else:
     528                    scale = None
     529
     530                ts = self.expression(exp.Cast, this=expression, to=exp.DataType.build("TIMESTAMP"))
     531                to_unix: exp.Expression = self.expression(exp.TimeToUnix, this=ts)
     532
     533                if scale:
     534                    to_unix = exp.Mul(this=to_unix, expression=exp.Literal.number(scale))
     535
     536                return to_unix
     537
     538            return self.expression(exp.Extract, this=this, expression=expression)
     539
     540        def _parse_bracket_key_value(self, is_map: bool = False) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
     541            if is_map:
     542                # Keys are strings in Snowflake's objects, see also:
     543                # - https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/data-types-semistructured
     544                # - https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions/object_construct
     545                return self._parse_slice(self._parse_string())
     546
     547            return self._parse_slice(self._parse_alias(self._parse_conjunction(), explicit=True))
     548
     549        def _parse_lateral(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Lateral]:
     550            lateral = super()._parse_lateral()
     551            if not lateral:
     552                return lateral
     553
     554            if isinstance(lateral.this, exp.Explode):
     555                table_alias = lateral.args.get("alias")
     556                columns = [exp.to_identifier(col) for col in self.FLATTEN_COLUMNS]
     557                if table_alias and not table_alias.args.get("columns"):
     558                    table_alias.set("columns", columns)
     559                elif not table_alias:
     560                    exp.alias_(lateral, "_flattened", table=columns, copy=False)
     561
     562            return lateral
     563
     564        def _parse_at_before(self, table: exp.Table) -> exp.Table:
     565            # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/constructs/at-before
     566            index = self._index
     567            if self._match_texts(("AT", "BEFORE")):
     568                this = self._prev.text.upper()
     569                kind = (
     570                    self._match(TokenType.L_PAREN)
     571                    and self._match_texts(self.HISTORICAL_DATA_KIND)
     572                    and self._prev.text.upper()
     573                )
     574                expression = self._match(TokenType.FARROW) and self._parse_bitwise()
     575
     576                if expression:
     577                    self._match_r_paren()
     578                    when = self.expression(
     579                        exp.HistoricalData, this=this, kind=kind, expression=expression
     580                    )
     581                    table.set("when", when)
     582                else:
     583                    self._retreat(index)
     584
     585            return table
     586
     587        def _parse_table_parts(
     588            self, schema: bool = False, is_db_reference: bool = False, wildcard: bool = False
     589        ) -> exp.Table:
     590            # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/user-guide/querying-stage
     591            if self._match(TokenType.STRING, advance=False):
     592                table = self._parse_string()
     593            elif self._match_text_seq("@", advance=False):
     594                table = self._parse_location_path()
     595            else:
     596                table = None
     597
     598            if table:
     599                file_format = None
     600                pattern = None
     601
     602                wrapped = self._match(TokenType.L_PAREN)
     603                while self._curr and wrapped and not self._match(TokenType.R_PAREN):
     604                    if self._match_text_seq("FILE_FORMAT", "=>"):
     605                        file_format = self._parse_string() or super()._parse_table_parts(
     606                            is_db_reference=is_db_reference
     607                        )
     608                    elif self._match_text_seq("PATTERN", "=>"):
     609                        pattern = self._parse_string()
     610                    else:
     611                        break
     612
     613                    self._match(TokenType.COMMA)
     614
     615                table = self.expression(exp.Table, this=table, format=file_format, pattern=pattern)
     616            else:
     617                table = super()._parse_table_parts(schema=schema, is_db_reference=is_db_reference)
     618
     619            return self._parse_at_before(table)
     620
     621        def _parse_id_var(
     622            self,
     623            any_token: bool = True,
     624            tokens: t.Optional[t.Collection[TokenType]] = None,
     625        ) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
     626            if self._match_text_seq("IDENTIFIER", "("):
     627                identifier = (
     628                    super()._parse_id_var(any_token=any_token, tokens=tokens)
     629                    or self._parse_string()
     630                )
     631                self._match_r_paren()
     632                return self.expression(exp.Anonymous, this="IDENTIFIER", expressions=[identifier])
     633
     634            return super()._parse_id_var(any_token=any_token, tokens=tokens)
     635
     636        def _parse_show_snowflake(self, this: str) -> exp.Show:
     637            scope = None
     638            scope_kind = None
     639
     640            # will identity SHOW TERSE SCHEMAS but not SHOW TERSE PRIMARY KEYS
     641            # which is syntactically valid but has no effect on the output
     642            terse = self._tokens[self._index - 2].text.upper() == "TERSE"
     643
     644            history = self._match_text_seq("HISTORY")
     645
     646            like = self._parse_string() if self._match(TokenType.LIKE) else None
     647
     648            if self._match(TokenType.IN):
     649                if self._match_text_seq("ACCOUNT"):
     650                    scope_kind = "ACCOUNT"
     651                elif self._match_set(self.DB_CREATABLES):
     652                    scope_kind = self._prev.text.upper()
     653                    if self._curr:
     654                        scope = self._parse_table_parts()
     655                elif self._curr:
     656                    scope_kind = "SCHEMA" if this in self.SCHEMA_KINDS else "TABLE"
     657                    scope = self._parse_table_parts()
     658
     659            return self.expression(
     660                exp.Show,
     661                **{
     662                    "terse": terse,
     663                    "this": this,
     664                    "history": history,
     665                    "like": like,
     666                    "scope": scope,
     667                    "scope_kind": scope_kind,
     668                    "starts_with": self._match_text_seq("STARTS", "WITH") and self._parse_string(),
     669                    "limit": self._parse_limit(),
     670                    "from": self._parse_string() if self._match(TokenType.FROM) else None,
     671                },
     672            )
     673
     674        def _parse_alter_table_swap(self) -> exp.SwapTable:
     675            self._match_text_seq("WITH")
     676            return self.expression(exp.SwapTable, this=self._parse_table(schema=True))
     677
     678        def _parse_location_property(self) -> exp.LocationProperty:
     679            self._match(TokenType.EQ)
     680            return self.expression(exp.LocationProperty, this=self._parse_location_path())
     681
     682        def _parse_file_location(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
     683            # Parse either a subquery or a staged file
     684            return (
     685                self._parse_select(table=True)
     686                if self._match(TokenType.L_PAREN, advance=False)
     687                else self._parse_table_parts()
     688            )
     689
     690        def _parse_location_path(self) -> exp.Var:
     691            parts = [self._advance_any(ignore_reserved=True)]
     692
     693            # We avoid consuming a comma token because external tables like @foo and @bar
     694            # can be joined in a query with a comma separator, as well as closing paren
     695            # in case of subqueries
     696            while self._is_connected() and not self._match_set(
     697                (TokenType.COMMA, TokenType.R_PAREN), advance=False
     698            ):
     699                parts.append(self._advance_any(ignore_reserved=True))
     700
     701            return exp.var("".join(part.text for part in parts if part))
     702
     703        def _parse_lambda_arg(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
     704            this = super()._parse_lambda_arg()
     705
     706            if not this:
     707                return this
     708
     709            typ = self._parse_types()
     710
     711            if typ:
     712                return self.expression(exp.Cast, this=this, to=typ)
     713
     714            return this
     715
     716    class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer):
     717        STRING_ESCAPES = ["\\", "'"]
     718        HEX_STRINGS = [("x'", "'"), ("X'", "'")]
     719        RAW_STRINGS = ["$$"]
     720        COMMENTS = ["--", "//", ("/*", "*/")]
     721
     722        KEYWORDS = {
     723            **tokens.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,
     724            "BYTEINT": TokenType.INT,
     725            "CHAR VARYING": TokenType.VARCHAR,
     726            "CHARACTER VARYING": TokenType.VARCHAR,
     727            "EXCLUDE": TokenType.EXCEPT,
     728            "ILIKE ANY": TokenType.ILIKE_ANY,
     729            "LIKE ANY": TokenType.LIKE_ANY,
     730            "MATCH_CONDITION": TokenType.MATCH_CONDITION,
     731            "MATCH_RECOGNIZE": TokenType.MATCH_RECOGNIZE,
     732            "MINUS": TokenType.EXCEPT,
     733            "NCHAR VARYING": TokenType.VARCHAR,
     734            "PUT": TokenType.COMMAND,
     735            "REMOVE": TokenType.COMMAND,
     736            "RM": TokenType.COMMAND,
     737            "SAMPLE": TokenType.TABLE_SAMPLE,
     738            "SQL_DOUBLE": TokenType.DOUBLE,
     739            "SQL_VARCHAR": TokenType.VARCHAR,
     740            "STORAGE INTEGRATION": TokenType.STORAGE_INTEGRATION,
     741            "TAG": TokenType.TAG,
     742            "TIMESTAMP_TZ": TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ,
     743            "TOP": TokenType.TOP,
     744        }
     745
     746        SINGLE_TOKENS = {
     747            **tokens.Tokenizer.SINGLE_TOKENS,
     748            "$": TokenType.PARAMETER,
     749        }
     750
     751        VAR_SINGLE_TOKENS = {"$"}
     752
     753        COMMANDS = tokens.Tokenizer.COMMANDS - {TokenType.SHOW}
     754
     755    class Generator(generator.Generator):
     756        PARAMETER_TOKEN = "$"
     757        MATCHED_BY_SOURCE = False
     758        SINGLE_STRING_INTERVAL = True
     759        JOIN_HINTS = False
     760        TABLE_HINTS = False
     761        QUERY_HINTS = False
     762        AGGREGATE_FILTER_SUPPORTED = False
     763        SUPPORTS_TABLE_COPY = False
     764        COLLATE_IS_FUNC = True
     765        LIMIT_ONLY_LITERALS = True
     766        JSON_KEY_VALUE_PAIR_SEP = ","
     767        INSERT_OVERWRITE = " OVERWRITE INTO"
     768        STRUCT_DELIMITER = ("(", ")")
     769        COPY_PARAMS_ARE_WRAPPED = False
     770        COPY_PARAMS_EQ_REQUIRED = True
     771        STAR_EXCEPT = "EXCLUDE"
     772
     773        TRANSFORMS = {
     774            **generator.Generator.TRANSFORMS,
     775            exp.ApproxDistinct: rename_func("APPROX_COUNT_DISTINCT"),
     776            exp.ArgMax: rename_func("MAX_BY"),
     777            exp.ArgMin: rename_func("MIN_BY"),
     778            exp.Array: inline_array_sql,
     779            exp.ArrayConcat: rename_func("ARRAY_CAT"),
     780            exp.ArrayContains: lambda self, e: self.func("ARRAY_CONTAINS", e.expression, e.this),
     781            exp.AtTimeZone: lambda self, e: self.func(
     782                "CONVERT_TIMEZONE", e.args.get("zone"), e.this
     783            ),
     784            exp.BitwiseXor: rename_func("BITXOR"),
     785            exp.Create: transforms.preprocess([_flatten_structured_types_unless_iceberg]),
     786            exp.DateAdd: date_delta_sql("DATEADD"),
     787            exp.DateDiff: date_delta_sql("DATEDIFF"),
     788            exp.DateStrToDate: datestrtodate_sql,
     789            exp.DayOfMonth: rename_func("DAYOFMONTH"),
     790            exp.DayOfWeek: rename_func("DAYOFWEEK"),
     791            exp.DayOfYear: rename_func("DAYOFYEAR"),
     792            exp.Explode: rename_func("FLATTEN"),
     793            exp.Extract: rename_func("DATE_PART"),
     794            exp.FromTimeZone: lambda self, e: self.func(
     795                "CONVERT_TIMEZONE", e.args.get("zone"), "'UTC'", e.this
     796            ),
     797            exp.GenerateSeries: lambda self, e: self.func(
     798                "ARRAY_GENERATE_RANGE", e.args["start"], e.args["end"] + 1, e.args.get("step")
     799            ),
     800            exp.GroupConcat: rename_func("LISTAGG"),
     801            exp.If: if_sql(name="IFF", false_value="NULL"),
     802            exp.JSONExtract: lambda self, e: self.func("GET_PATH", e.this, e.expression),
     803            exp.JSONExtractScalar: lambda self, e: self.func(
     804                "JSON_EXTRACT_PATH_TEXT", e.this, e.expression
     805            ),
     806            exp.JSONObject: lambda self, e: self.func("OBJECT_CONSTRUCT_KEEP_NULL", *e.expressions),
     807            exp.JSONPathRoot: lambda *_: "",
     808            exp.LogicalAnd: rename_func("BOOLAND_AGG"),
     809            exp.LogicalOr: rename_func("BOOLOR_AGG"),
     810            exp.Map: lambda self, e: var_map_sql(self, e, "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT"),
     811            exp.Max: max_or_greatest,
     812            exp.Min: min_or_least,
     813            exp.PartitionedByProperty: lambda self, e: f"PARTITION BY {self.sql(e, 'this')}",
     814            exp.PercentileCont: transforms.preprocess(
     815                [transforms.add_within_group_for_percentiles]
     816            ),
     817            exp.PercentileDisc: transforms.preprocess(
     818                [transforms.add_within_group_for_percentiles]
     819            ),
     820            exp.Pivot: transforms.preprocess([_unqualify_unpivot_columns]),
     821            exp.RegexpILike: _regexpilike_sql,
     822            exp.Rand: rename_func("RANDOM"),
     823            exp.Select: transforms.preprocess(
     824                [
     825                    transforms.eliminate_distinct_on,
     826                    transforms.explode_to_unnest(),
     827                    transforms.eliminate_semi_and_anti_joins,
     828                ]
     829            ),
     830            exp.SHA: rename_func("SHA1"),
     831            exp.StarMap: rename_func("OBJECT_CONSTRUCT"),
     832            exp.StartsWith: rename_func("STARTSWITH"),
     833            exp.StrPosition: lambda self, e: self.func(
     834                "POSITION", e.args.get("substr"), e.this, e.args.get("position")
     835            ),
     836            exp.StrToTime: lambda self, e: self.func("TO_TIMESTAMP", e.this, self.format_time(e)),
     837            exp.Stuff: rename_func("INSERT"),
     838            exp.TimeAdd: date_delta_sql("TIMEADD"),
     839            exp.TimestampDiff: lambda self, e: self.func(
     840                "TIMESTAMPDIFF", e.unit, e.expression, e.this
     841            ),
     842            exp.TimestampTrunc: timestamptrunc_sql(),
     843            exp.TimeStrToTime: timestrtotime_sql,
     844            exp.TimeToStr: lambda self, e: self.func(
     845                "TO_CHAR", exp.cast(e.this, exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP), self.format_time(e)
     846            ),
     847            exp.TimeToUnix: lambda self, e: f"EXTRACT(epoch_second FROM {self.sql(e, 'this')})",
     848            exp.ToArray: rename_func("TO_ARRAY"),
     849            exp.ToChar: lambda self, e: self.function_fallback_sql(e),
     850            exp.Trim: lambda self, e: self.func("TRIM", e.this, e.expression),
     851            exp.TsOrDsAdd: date_delta_sql("DATEADD", cast=True),
     852            exp.TsOrDsDiff: date_delta_sql("DATEDIFF"),
     853            exp.TsOrDsToDate: lambda self, e: self.func(
     854                "TRY_TO_DATE" if e.args.get("safe") else "TO_DATE", e.this, self.format_time(e)
     855            ),
     856            exp.UnixToTime: rename_func("TO_TIMESTAMP"),
     857            exp.VarMap: lambda self, e: var_map_sql(self, e, "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT"),
     858            exp.WeekOfYear: rename_func("WEEKOFYEAR"),
     859            exp.Xor: rename_func("BOOLXOR"),
     860        }
     861
     862        SUPPORTED_JSON_PATH_PARTS = {
     863            exp.JSONPathKey,
     864            exp.JSONPathRoot,
     865            exp.JSONPathSubscript,
     866        }
     867
     868        TYPE_MAPPING = {
     869            **generator.Generator.TYPE_MAPPING,
     870            exp.DataType.Type.NESTED: "OBJECT",
     871            exp.DataType.Type.STRUCT: "OBJECT",
     872        }
     873
     874        PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {
     875            **generator.Generator.PROPERTIES_LOCATION,
     876            exp.SetProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
     877            exp.VolatileProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
     878        }
     879
     880        UNSUPPORTED_VALUES_EXPRESSIONS = {
     881            exp.Map,
     882            exp.StarMap,
     883            exp.Struct,
     884            exp.VarMap,
     885        }
     886
     887        def with_properties(self, properties: exp.Properties) -> str:
     888            return self.properties(properties, wrapped=False, prefix=self.sep(""), sep=" ")
     889
     890        def values_sql(self, expression: exp.Values, values_as_table: bool = True) -> str:
     891            if expression.find(*self.UNSUPPORTED_VALUES_EXPRESSIONS):
     892                values_as_table = False
     893
     894            return super().values_sql(expression, values_as_table=values_as_table)
     895
     896        def datatype_sql(self, expression: exp.DataType) -> str:
     897            expressions = expression.expressions
     898            if (
     899                expressions
     900                and expression.is_type(*exp.DataType.STRUCT_TYPES)
     901                and any(isinstance(field_type, exp.DataType) for field_type in expressions)
     902            ):
     903                # The correct syntax is OBJECT [ (<key> <value_type [NOT NULL] [, ...]) ]
     904                return "OBJECT"
     905
     906            return super().datatype_sql(expression)
     907
     908        def tonumber_sql(self, expression: exp.ToNumber) -> str:
     909            return self.func(
     910                "TO_NUMBER",
     911                expression.this,
     912                expression.args.get("format"),
     913                expression.args.get("precision"),
     914                expression.args.get("scale"),
     915            )
     916
     917        def timestampfromparts_sql(self, expression: exp.TimestampFromParts) -> str:
     918            milli = expression.args.get("milli")
     919            if milli is not None:
     920                milli_to_nano = milli.pop() * exp.Literal.number(1000000)
     921                expression.set("nano", milli_to_nano)
     922
     923            return rename_func("TIMESTAMP_FROM_PARTS")(self, expression)
     924
     925        def trycast_sql(self, expression: exp.TryCast) -> str:
     926            value = expression.this
     927
     928            if value.type is None:
     929                from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
     930
     931                value = annotate_types(value)
     932
     933            if value.is_type(*exp.DataType.TEXT_TYPES, exp.DataType.Type.UNKNOWN):
     934                return super().trycast_sql(expression)
     935
     936            # TRY_CAST only works for string values in Snowflake
     937            return self.cast_sql(expression)
     938
     939        def log_sql(self, expression: exp.Log) -> str:
     940            if not expression.expression:
     941                return self.func("LN", expression.this)
     942
     943            return super().log_sql(expression)
     944
     945        def unnest_sql(self, expression: exp.Unnest) -> str:
     946            unnest_alias = expression.args.get("alias")
     947            offset = expression.args.get("offset")
     948
     949            columns = [
     950                exp.to_identifier("seq"),
     951                exp.to_identifier("key"),
     952                exp.to_identifier("path"),
     953                offset.pop() if isinstance(offset, exp.Expression) else exp.to_identifier("index"),
     954                seq_get(unnest_alias.columns if unnest_alias else [], 0)
     955                or exp.to_identifier("value"),
     956                exp.to_identifier("this"),
     957            ]
     958
     959            if unnest_alias:
     960                unnest_alias.set("columns", columns)
     961            else:
     962                unnest_alias = exp.TableAlias(this="_u", columns=columns)
     963
     964            explode = f"TABLE(FLATTEN(INPUT => {self.sql(expression.expressions[0])}))"
     965            alias = self.sql(unnest_alias)
     966            alias = f" AS {alias}" if alias else ""
     967            return f"{explode}{alias}"
     968
     969        def show_sql(self, expression: exp.Show) -> str:
     970            terse = "TERSE " if expression.args.get("terse") else ""
     971            history = " HISTORY" if expression.args.get("history") else ""
     972            like = self.sql(expression, "like")
     973            like = f" LIKE {like}" if like else ""
     974
     975            scope = self.sql(expression, "scope")
     976            scope = f" {scope}" if scope else ""
     977
     978            scope_kind = self.sql(expression, "scope_kind")
     979            if scope_kind:
     980                scope_kind = f" IN {scope_kind}"
     981
     982            starts_with = self.sql(expression, "starts_with")
     983            if starts_with:
     984                starts_with = f" STARTS WITH {starts_with}"
     985
     986            limit = self.sql(expression, "limit")
     987
     988            from_ = self.sql(expression, "from")
     989            if from_:
     990                from_ = f" FROM {from_}"
     991
     992            return f"SHOW {terse}{expression.name}{history}{like}{scope_kind}{scope}{starts_with}{limit}{from_}"
     993
     994        def regexpextract_sql(self, expression: exp.RegexpExtract) -> str:
     995            # Other dialects don't support all of the following parameters, so we need to
     996            # generate default values as necessary to ensure the transpilation is correct
     997            group = expression.args.get("group")
     998            parameters = expression.args.get("parameters") or (group and exp.Literal.string("c"))
     999            occurrence = expression.args.get("occurrence") or (parameters and exp.Literal.number(1))
    1000            position = expression.args.get("position") or (occurrence and exp.Literal.number(1))
    1001
    1002            return self.func(
    1003                "REGEXP_SUBSTR",
    1004                expression.this,
    1005                expression.expression,
    1006                position,
    1007                occurrence,
    1008                parameters,
    1009                group,
    1010            )
    1011
    1012        def except_op(self, expression: exp.Except) -> str:
    1013            if not expression.args.get("distinct"):
    1014                self.unsupported("EXCEPT with All is not supported in Snowflake")
    1015            return super().except_op(expression)
    1016
    1017        def intersect_op(self, expression: exp.Intersect) -> str:
    1018            if not expression.args.get("distinct"):
    1019                self.unsupported("INTERSECT with All is not supported in Snowflake")
    1020            return super().intersect_op(expression)
    1021
    1022        def describe_sql(self, expression: exp.Describe) -> str:
    1023            # Default to table if kind is unknown
    1024            kind_value = expression.args.get("kind") or "TABLE"
    1025            kind = f" {kind_value}" if kind_value else ""
    1026            this = f" {self.sql(expression, 'this')}"
    1027            expressions = self.expressions(expression, flat=True)
    1028            expressions = f" {expressions}" if expressions else ""
    1029            return f"DESCRIBE{kind}{this}{expressions}"
    1030
    1031        def generatedasidentitycolumnconstraint_sql(
    1032            self, expression: exp.GeneratedAsIdentityColumnConstraint
    1033        ) -> str:
    1034            start = expression.args.get("start")
    1035            start = f" START {start}" if start else ""
    1036            increment = expression.args.get("increment")
    1037            increment = f" INCREMENT {increment}" if increment else ""
    1038            return f"AUTOINCREMENT{start}{increment}"
    1039
    1040        def swaptable_sql(self, expression: exp.SwapTable) -> str:
    1041            this = self.sql(expression, "this")
    1042            return f"SWAP WITH {this}"
    1043
    1044        def cluster_sql(self, expression: exp.Cluster) -> str:
    1045            return f"CLUSTER BY ({self.expressions(expression, flat=True)})"
    1046
    1047        def struct_sql(self, expression: exp.Struct) -> str:
    1048            keys = []
    1049            values = []
    1050
    1051            for i, e in enumerate(expression.expressions):
    1052                if isinstance(e, exp.PropertyEQ):
    1053                    keys.append(
    1054                        exp.Literal.string(e.name) if isinstance(e.this, exp.Identifier) else e.this
    1055                    )
    1056                    values.append(e.expression)
    1057                else:
    1058                    keys.append(exp.Literal.string(f"_{i}"))
    1059                    values.append(e)
    1060
    1061            return self.func("OBJECT_CONSTRUCT", *flatten(zip(keys, values)))
    1062
    1063        def approxquantile_sql(self, expression: exp.ApproxQuantile) -> str:
    1064            if expression.args.get("weight") or expression.args.get("accuracy"):
    1065                self.unsupported(
    1066                    "APPROX_PERCENTILE with weight and/or accuracy arguments are not supported in Snowflake"
    1067                )
    1068
    1069            return self.func("APPROX_PERCENTILE", expression.this, expression.args.get("quantile"))
    1070
    1071        def alterset_sql(self, expression: exp.AlterSet) -> str:
    1072            exprs = self.expressions(expression, flat=True)
    1073            exprs = f" {exprs}" if exprs else ""
    1074            file_format = self.expressions(expression, key="file_format", flat=True, sep=" ")
    1075            file_format = f" STAGE_FILE_FORMAT = ({file_format})" if file_format else ""
    1076            copy_options = self.expressions(expression, key="copy_options", flat=True, sep=" ")
    1077            copy_options = f" STAGE_COPY_OPTIONS = ({copy_options})" if copy_options else ""
    1078            tag = self.expressions(expression, key="tag", flat=True)
    1079            tag = f" TAG {tag}" if tag else ""
    1080
    1081            return f"SET{exprs}{file_format}{copy_options}{tag}"

NORMALIZATION_STRATEGY = <NormalizationStrategy.UPPERCASE: 'UPPERCASE'>

Specifies the strategy according to which identifiers should be normalized.

NULL_ORDERING = 'nulls_are_large'

Default `NULL` ordering method to use if not explicitly set. Possible values: `"nulls_are_small"`, `"nulls_are_large"`, `"nulls_are_last"`

TIME_FORMAT = "'YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS'"
SUPPORTS_USER_DEFINED_TYPES = False

Whether user-defined data types are supported.

SUPPORTS_SEMI_ANTI_JOIN = False

Whether `SEMI` or `ANTI` joins are supported.

PREFER_CTE_ALIAS_COLUMN = True

Some dialects, such as Snowflake, allow you to reference a CTE column alias in the HAVING clause of the CTE. This flag will cause the CTE alias columns to override any projection aliases in the subquery.

For example, WITH y(c) AS ( SELECT SUM(a) FROM (SELECT 1 a) AS x HAVING c > 0 ) SELECT c FROM y;

    will be rewritten as

    WITH y(c) AS (
        SELECT SUM(a) AS c FROM (SELECT 1 AS a) AS x HAVING c > 0
    ) SELECT c FROM y;

TABLESAMPLE_SIZE_IS_PERCENT = True

Whether a size in the table sample clause represents percentage.

COPY_PARAMS_ARE_CSV = False
TIME_MAPPING: Dict[str, str] = {'YYYY': '%Y', 'yyyy': '%Y', 'YY': '%y', 'yy': '%y', 'MMMM': '%B', 'mmmm': '%B', 'MON': '%b', 'mon': '%b', 'MM': '%m', 'mm': '%m', 'DD': '%d', 'dd': '%-d', 'DY': '%a', 'dy': '%w', 'HH24': '%H', 'hh24': '%H', 'HH12': '%I', 'hh12': '%I', 'MI': '%M', 'mi': '%M', 'SS': '%S', 'ss': '%S', 'FF': '%f', 'ff': '%f', 'FF6': '%f', 'ff6': '%f'}

Associates this dialect's time formats with their equivalent Python `strftime` formats.

def quote_identifier(self, expression: ~E, identify: bool = True) -> ~E: View Source

    325    def quote_identifier(self, expression: E, identify: bool = True) -> E:
    326        # This disables quoting DUAL in SELECT ... FROM DUAL, because Snowflake treats an
    327        # unquoted DUAL keyword in a special way and does not map it to a user-defined table
    328        if (
    329            isinstance(expression, exp.Identifier)
    330            and isinstance(expression.parent, exp.Table)
    331            and expression.name.lower() == "dual"
    332        ):
    333            return expression  # type: ignore
    334
    335        return super().quote_identifier(expression, identify=identify)

Adds quotes to a given identifier.

###### Arguments:

- expression: The expression of interest. If it's not an `Identifier`, this method is a no-op.
- identify: If set to `False`, the quotes will only be added if the identifier is deemed "unsafe", with respect to its characters and this dialect's normalization strategy.

UNESCAPED_SEQUENCES: Dict[str, str] = {'\\a': '\x07', '\\b': '\x08', '\\f': '\x0c', '\\n': '\n', '\\r': '\r', '\\t': '\t', '\\v': '\x0b', '\\\\': '\\'}

Mapping of an escaped sequence (`\n`) to its unescaped version (`` ).

tokenizer_class = <class 'Snowflake.Tokenizer'>
parser_class = <class 'Snowflake.Parser'>
generator_class = <class 'Snowflake.Generator'>
TIME_TRIE: Dict = {'Y': {'Y': {'Y': {'Y': {0: True}}, 0: True}}, 'y': {'y': {'y': {'y': {0: True}}, 0: True}}, 'M': {'M': {'M': {'M': {0: True}}, 0: True}, 'O': {'N': {0: True}}, 'I': {0: True}}, 'm': {'m': {'m': {'m': {0: True}}, 0: True}, 'o': {'n': {0: True}}, 'i': {0: True}}, 'D': {'D': {0: True}, 'Y': {0: True}}, 'd': {'d': {0: True}, 'y': {0: True}}, 'H': {'H': {'2': {'4': {0: True}}, '1': {'2': {0: True}}}}, 'h': {'h': {'2': {'4': {0: True}}, '1': {'2': {0: True}}}}, 'S': {'S': {0: True}}, 's': {'s': {0: True}}, 'F': {'F': {0: True, '6': {0: True}}}, 'f': {'f': {0: True, '6': {0: True}}}}
FORMAT_TRIE: Dict = {'Y': {'Y': {'Y': {'Y': {0: True}}, 0: True}}, 'y': {'y': {'y': {'y': {0: True}}, 0: True}}, 'M': {'M': {'M': {'M': {0: True}}, 0: True}, 'O': {'N': {0: True}}, 'I': {0: True}}, 'm': {'m': {'m': {'m': {0: True}}, 0: True}, 'o': {'n': {0: True}}, 'i': {0: True}}, 'D': {'D': {0: True}, 'Y': {0: True}}, 'd': {'d': {0: True}, 'y': {0: True}}, 'H': {'H': {'2': {'4': {0: True}}, '1': {'2': {0: True}}}}, 'h': {'h': {'2': {'4': {0: True}}, '1': {'2': {0: True}}}}, 'S': {'S': {0: True}}, 's': {'s': {0: True}}, 'F': {'F': {0: True, '6': {0: True}}}, 'f': {'f': {0: True, '6': {0: True}}}}
INVERSE_TIME_MAPPING: Dict[str, str] = {'%Y': 'yyyy', '%y': 'yy', '%B': 'mmmm', '%b': 'mon', '%m': 'mm', '%d': 'DD', '%-d': 'dd', '%a': 'DY', '%w': 'dy', '%H': 'hh24', '%I': 'hh12', '%M': 'mi', '%S': 'ss', '%f': 'ff6'}
INVERSE_TIME_TRIE: Dict = {'%': {'Y': {0: True}, 'y': {0: True}, 'B': {0: True}, 'b': {0: True}, 'm': {0: True}, 'd': {0: True}, '-': {'d': {0: True}}, 'a': {0: True}, 'w': {0: True}, 'H': {0: True}, 'I': {0: True}, 'M': {0: True}, 'S': {0: True}, 'f': {0: True}}}
ESCAPED_SEQUENCES: Dict[str, str] = {'\x07': '\\a', '\x08': '\\b', '\x0c': '\\f', '\n': '\\n', '\r': '\\r', '\t': '\\t', '\x0b': '\\v', '\\': '\\\\'}
QUOTE_START = "'"
QUOTE_END = "'"
IDENTIFIER_START = '"'
IDENTIFIER_END = '"'
BIT_START: Optional[str] = None
BIT_END: Optional[str] = None
HEX_START: Optional[str] = "x'"
HEX_END: Optional[str] = "'"
BYTE_START: Optional[str] = None
BYTE_END: Optional[str] = None
UNICODE_START: Optional[str] = None
UNICODE_END: Optional[str] = None

##### Inherited Members

sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect
  Dialect
  INDEX_OFFSET
  WEEK_OFFSET
  UNNEST_COLUMN_ONLY
  ALIAS_POST_TABLESAMPLE
  IDENTIFIERS_CAN_START_WITH_DIGIT
  DPIPE_IS_STRING_CONCAT
  STRICT_STRING_CONCAT
  NORMALIZE_FUNCTIONS
  LOG_BASE_FIRST
  TYPED_DIVISION
  SAFE_DIVISION
  CONCAT_COALESCE
  HEX_LOWERCASE
  DATE_FORMAT
  DATEINT_FORMAT
  FORMAT_MAPPING
  PSEUDOCOLUMNS
  get_or_raise
  format_time
  normalize_identifier
  case_sensitive
  can_identify
  to_json_path
  parse
  parse_into
  generate
  transpile
  tokenize
  tokenizer
  parser
  generator

class Snowflake.Parser(sqlglot.parser.Parser): View Source

    337    class Parser(parser.Parser):
    338        IDENTIFY_PIVOT_STRINGS = True
    339        DEFAULT_SAMPLING_METHOD = "BERNOULLI"
    340        COLON_IS_JSON_EXTRACT = True
    341
    342        ID_VAR_TOKENS = {
    343            *parser.Parser.ID_VAR_TOKENS,
    344            TokenType.MATCH_CONDITION,
    345        }
    346
    347        TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS = parser.Parser.TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS | {TokenType.WINDOW}
    348        TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS.discard(TokenType.MATCH_CONDITION)
    349
    350        FUNCTIONS = {
    351            **parser.Parser.FUNCTIONS,
    352            "APPROX_PERCENTILE": exp.ApproxQuantile.from_arg_list,
    353            "ARRAYAGG": exp.ArrayAgg.from_arg_list,
    354            "ARRAY_CONSTRUCT": exp.Array.from_arg_list,
    355            "ARRAY_CONTAINS": lambda args: exp.ArrayContains(
    356                this=seq_get(args, 1), expression=seq_get(args, 0)
    357            ),
    358            "ARRAY_GENERATE_RANGE": lambda args: exp.GenerateSeries(
    359                # ARRAY_GENERATE_RANGE has an exlusive end; we normalize it to be inclusive
    360                start=seq_get(args, 0),
    361                end=exp.Sub(this=seq_get(args, 1), expression=exp.Literal.number(1)),
    362                step=seq_get(args, 2),
    363            ),
    364            "BITXOR": binary_from_function(exp.BitwiseXor),
    365            "BIT_XOR": binary_from_function(exp.BitwiseXor),
    366            "BOOLXOR": binary_from_function(exp.Xor),
    367            "CONVERT_TIMEZONE": _build_convert_timezone,
    368            "DATE": _build_datetime("DATE", exp.DataType.Type.DATE),
    369            "DATE_TRUNC": _date_trunc_to_time,
    370            "DATEADD": _build_date_time_add(exp.DateAdd),
    371            "DATEDIFF": _build_datediff,
    372            "DIV0": _build_if_from_div0,
    373            "FLATTEN": exp.Explode.from_arg_list,
    374            "GET_PATH": lambda args, dialect: exp.JSONExtract(
    375                this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=dialect.to_json_path(seq_get(args, 1))
    376            ),
    377            "IFF": exp.If.from_arg_list,
    378            "LAST_DAY": lambda args: exp.LastDay(
    379                this=seq_get(args, 0), unit=_map_date_part(seq_get(args, 1))
    380            ),
    381            "LISTAGG": exp.GroupConcat.from_arg_list,
    382            "MEDIAN": lambda args: exp.PercentileCont(
    383                this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=exp.Literal.number(0.5)
    384            ),
    385            "NULLIFZERO": _build_if_from_nullifzero,
    386            "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT": _build_object_construct,
    387            "REGEXP_REPLACE": _build_regexp_replace,
    388            "REGEXP_SUBSTR": exp.RegexpExtract.from_arg_list,
    389            "RLIKE": exp.RegexpLike.from_arg_list,
    390            "SQUARE": lambda args: exp.Pow(this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=exp.Literal.number(2)),
    391            "TIMEADD": _build_date_time_add(exp.TimeAdd),
    392            "TIMEDIFF": _build_datediff,
    393            "TIMESTAMPADD": _build_date_time_add(exp.DateAdd),
    394            "TIMESTAMPDIFF": _build_datediff,
    395            "TIMESTAMPFROMPARTS": _build_timestamp_from_parts,
    396            "TIMESTAMP_FROM_PARTS": _build_timestamp_from_parts,
    397            "TRY_TO_DATE": _build_datetime("TRY_TO_DATE", exp.DataType.Type.DATE, safe=True),
    398            "TO_DATE": _build_datetime("TO_DATE", exp.DataType.Type.DATE),
    399            "TO_NUMBER": lambda args: exp.ToNumber(
    400                this=seq_get(args, 0),
    401                format=seq_get(args, 1),
    402                precision=seq_get(args, 2),
    403                scale=seq_get(args, 3),
    404            ),
    405            "TO_TIME": _build_datetime("TO_TIME", exp.DataType.Type.TIME),
    406            "TO_TIMESTAMP": _build_datetime("TO_TIMESTAMP", exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP),
    407            "TO_TIMESTAMP_LTZ": _build_datetime("TO_TIMESTAMP_LTZ", exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPLTZ),
    408            "TO_TIMESTAMP_NTZ": _build_datetime("TO_TIMESTAMP_NTZ", exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP),
    409            "TO_TIMESTAMP_TZ": _build_datetime("TO_TIMESTAMP_TZ", exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPTZ),
    410            "TO_VARCHAR": exp.ToChar.from_arg_list,
    411            "ZEROIFNULL": _build_if_from_zeroifnull,
    412        }
    413
    414        FUNCTION_PARSERS = {
    415            **parser.Parser.FUNCTION_PARSERS,
    416            "DATE_PART": lambda self: self._parse_date_part(),
    417            "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT_KEEP_NULL": lambda self: self._parse_json_object(),
    418        }
    419        FUNCTION_PARSERS.pop("TRIM")
    420
    421        TIMESTAMPS = parser.Parser.TIMESTAMPS - {TokenType.TIME}
    422
    423        RANGE_PARSERS = {
    424            **parser.Parser.RANGE_PARSERS,
    425            TokenType.LIKE_ANY: parser.binary_range_parser(exp.LikeAny),
    426            TokenType.ILIKE_ANY: parser.binary_range_parser(exp.ILikeAny),
    427        }
    428
    429        ALTER_PARSERS = {
    430            **parser.Parser.ALTER_PARSERS,
    431            "UNSET": lambda self: self.expression(
    432                exp.Set,
    433                tag=self._match_text_seq("TAG"),
    434                expressions=self._parse_csv(self._parse_id_var),
    435                unset=True,
    436            ),
    437            "SWAP": lambda self: self._parse_alter_table_swap(),
    438        }
    439
    440        STATEMENT_PARSERS = {
    441            **parser.Parser.STATEMENT_PARSERS,
    442            TokenType.SHOW: lambda self: self._parse_show(),
    443        }
    444
    445        PROPERTY_PARSERS = {
    446            **parser.Parser.PROPERTY_PARSERS,
    447            "LOCATION": lambda self: self._parse_location_property(),
    448        }
    449
    450        TYPE_CONVERTER = {
    451            # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/data-types-numeric#number
    452            exp.DataType.Type.DECIMAL: build_default_decimal_type(precision=38, scale=0),
    453        }
    454
    455        SHOW_PARSERS = {
    456            "SCHEMAS": _show_parser("SCHEMAS"),
    457            "TERSE SCHEMAS": _show_parser("SCHEMAS"),
    458            "OBJECTS": _show_parser("OBJECTS"),
    459            "TERSE OBJECTS": _show_parser("OBJECTS"),
    460            "TABLES": _show_parser("TABLES"),
    461            "TERSE TABLES": _show_parser("TABLES"),
    462            "VIEWS": _show_parser("VIEWS"),
    463            "TERSE VIEWS": _show_parser("VIEWS"),
    464            "PRIMARY KEYS": _show_parser("PRIMARY KEYS"),
    465            "TERSE PRIMARY KEYS": _show_parser("PRIMARY KEYS"),
    466            "IMPORTED KEYS": _show_parser("IMPORTED KEYS"),
    467            "TERSE IMPORTED KEYS": _show_parser("IMPORTED KEYS"),
    468            "UNIQUE KEYS": _show_parser("UNIQUE KEYS"),
    469            "TERSE UNIQUE KEYS": _show_parser("UNIQUE KEYS"),
    470            "SEQUENCES": _show_parser("SEQUENCES"),
    471            "TERSE SEQUENCES": _show_parser("SEQUENCES"),
    472            "COLUMNS": _show_parser("COLUMNS"),
    473            "USERS": _show_parser("USERS"),
    474            "TERSE USERS": _show_parser("USERS"),
    475        }
    476
    477        STAGED_FILE_SINGLE_TOKENS = {
    478            TokenType.DOT,
    479            TokenType.MOD,
    480            TokenType.SLASH,
    481        }
    482
    483        FLATTEN_COLUMNS = ["SEQ", "KEY", "PATH", "INDEX", "VALUE", "THIS"]
    484
    485        SCHEMA_KINDS = {"OBJECTS", "TABLES", "VIEWS", "SEQUENCES", "UNIQUE KEYS", "IMPORTED KEYS"}
    486
    487        LAMBDAS = {
    488            **parser.Parser.LAMBDAS,
    489            TokenType.ARROW: lambda self, expressions: self.expression(
    490                exp.Lambda,
    491                this=self._replace_lambda(
    492                    self._parse_conjunction(),
    493                    expressions,
    494                ),
    495                expressions=[e.this if isinstance(e, exp.Cast) else e for e in expressions],
    496            ),
    497        }
    498
    499        def _parse_create(self) -> exp.Create | exp.Command:
    500            expression = super()._parse_create()
    501            if isinstance(expression, exp.Create) and expression.kind == "TAG":
    502                # Replace the Table node with the enclosed Identifier
    503                expression.this.replace(expression.this.this)
    504
    505            return expression
    506
    507        # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions/date_part.html
    508        # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions-date-time.html#label-supported-date-time-parts
    509        def _parse_date_part(self: Snowflake.Parser) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
    510            this = self._parse_var() or self._parse_type()
    511
    512            if not this:
    513                return None
    514
    515            self._match(TokenType.COMMA)
    516            expression = self._parse_bitwise()
    517            this = _map_date_part(this)
    518            name = this.name.upper()
    519
    520            if name.startswith("EPOCH"):
    521                if name == "EPOCH_MILLISECOND":
    522                    scale = 10**3
    523                elif name == "EPOCH_MICROSECOND":
    524                    scale = 10**6
    525                elif name == "EPOCH_NANOSECOND":
    526                    scale = 10**9
    527                else:
    528                    scale = None
    529
    530                ts = self.expression(exp.Cast, this=expression, to=exp.DataType.build("TIMESTAMP"))
    531                to_unix: exp.Expression = self.expression(exp.TimeToUnix, this=ts)
    532
    533                if scale:
    534                    to_unix = exp.Mul(this=to_unix, expression=exp.Literal.number(scale))
    535
    536                return to_unix
    537
    538            return self.expression(exp.Extract, this=this, expression=expression)
    539
    540        def _parse_bracket_key_value(self, is_map: bool = False) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
    541            if is_map:
    542                # Keys are strings in Snowflake's objects, see also:
    543                # - https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/data-types-semistructured
    544                # - https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions/object_construct
    545                return self._parse_slice(self._parse_string())
    546
    547            return self._parse_slice(self._parse_alias(self._parse_conjunction(), explicit=True))
    548
    549        def _parse_lateral(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Lateral]:
    550            lateral = super()._parse_lateral()
    551            if not lateral:
    552                return lateral
    553
    554            if isinstance(lateral.this, exp.Explode):
    555                table_alias = lateral.args.get("alias")
    556                columns = [exp.to_identifier(col) for col in self.FLATTEN_COLUMNS]
    557                if table_alias and not table_alias.args.get("columns"):
    558                    table_alias.set("columns", columns)
    559                elif not table_alias:
    560                    exp.alias_(lateral, "_flattened", table=columns, copy=False)
    561
    562            return lateral
    563
    564        def _parse_at_before(self, table: exp.Table) -> exp.Table:
    565            # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/constructs/at-before
    566            index = self._index
    567            if self._match_texts(("AT", "BEFORE")):
    568                this = self._prev.text.upper()
    569                kind = (
    570                    self._match(TokenType.L_PAREN)
    571                    and self._match_texts(self.HISTORICAL_DATA_KIND)
    572                    and self._prev.text.upper()
    573                )
    574                expression = self._match(TokenType.FARROW) and self._parse_bitwise()
    575
    576                if expression:
    577                    self._match_r_paren()
    578                    when = self.expression(
    579                        exp.HistoricalData, this=this, kind=kind, expression=expression
    580                    )
    581                    table.set("when", when)
    582                else:
    583                    self._retreat(index)
    584
    585            return table
    586
    587        def _parse_table_parts(
    588            self, schema: bool = False, is_db_reference: bool = False, wildcard: bool = False
    589        ) -> exp.Table:
    590            # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/user-guide/querying-stage
    591            if self._match(TokenType.STRING, advance=False):
    592                table = self._parse_string()
    593            elif self._match_text_seq("@", advance=False):
    594                table = self._parse_location_path()
    595            else:
    596                table = None
    597
    598            if table:
    599                file_format = None
    600                pattern = None
    601
    602                wrapped = self._match(TokenType.L_PAREN)
    603                while self._curr and wrapped and not self._match(TokenType.R_PAREN):
    604                    if self._match_text_seq("FILE_FORMAT", "=>"):
    605                        file_format = self._parse_string() or super()._parse_table_parts(
    606                            is_db_reference=is_db_reference
    607                        )
    608                    elif self._match_text_seq("PATTERN", "=>"):
    609                        pattern = self._parse_string()
    610                    else:
    611                        break
    612
    613                    self._match(TokenType.COMMA)
    614
    615                table = self.expression(exp.Table, this=table, format=file_format, pattern=pattern)
    616            else:
    617                table = super()._parse_table_parts(schema=schema, is_db_reference=is_db_reference)
    618
    619            return self._parse_at_before(table)
    620
    621        def _parse_id_var(
    622            self,
    623            any_token: bool = True,
    624            tokens: t.Optional[t.Collection[TokenType]] = None,
    625        ) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
    626            if self._match_text_seq("IDENTIFIER", "("):
    627                identifier = (
    628                    super()._parse_id_var(any_token=any_token, tokens=tokens)
    629                    or self._parse_string()
    630                )
    631                self._match_r_paren()
    632                return self.expression(exp.Anonymous, this="IDENTIFIER", expressions=[identifier])
    633
    634            return super()._parse_id_var(any_token=any_token, tokens=tokens)
    635
    636        def _parse_show_snowflake(self, this: str) -> exp.Show:
    637            scope = None
    638            scope_kind = None
    639
    640            # will identity SHOW TERSE SCHEMAS but not SHOW TERSE PRIMARY KEYS
    641            # which is syntactically valid but has no effect on the output
    642            terse = self._tokens[self._index - 2].text.upper() == "TERSE"
    643
    644            history = self._match_text_seq("HISTORY")
    645
    646            like = self._parse_string() if self._match(TokenType.LIKE) else None
    647
    648            if self._match(TokenType.IN):
    649                if self._match_text_seq("ACCOUNT"):
    650                    scope_kind = "ACCOUNT"
    651                elif self._match_set(self.DB_CREATABLES):
    652                    scope_kind = self._prev.text.upper()
    653                    if self._curr:
    654                        scope = self._parse_table_parts()
    655                elif self._curr:
    656                    scope_kind = "SCHEMA" if this in self.SCHEMA_KINDS else "TABLE"
    657                    scope = self._parse_table_parts()
    658
    659            return self.expression(
    660                exp.Show,
    661                **{
    662                    "terse": terse,
    663                    "this": this,
    664                    "history": history,
    665                    "like": like,
    666                    "scope": scope,
    667                    "scope_kind": scope_kind,
    668                    "starts_with": self._match_text_seq("STARTS", "WITH") and self._parse_string(),
    669                    "limit": self._parse_limit(),
    670                    "from": self._parse_string() if self._match(TokenType.FROM) else None,
    671                },
    672            )
    673
    674        def _parse_alter_table_swap(self) -> exp.SwapTable:
    675            self._match_text_seq("WITH")
    676            return self.expression(exp.SwapTable, this=self._parse_table(schema=True))
    677
    678        def _parse_location_property(self) -> exp.LocationProperty:
    679            self._match(TokenType.EQ)
    680            return self.expression(exp.LocationProperty, this=self._parse_location_path())
    681
    682        def _parse_file_location(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
    683            # Parse either a subquery or a staged file
    684            return (
    685                self._parse_select(table=True)
    686                if self._match(TokenType.L_PAREN, advance=False)
    687                else self._parse_table_parts()
    688            )
    689
    690        def _parse_location_path(self) -> exp.Var:
    691            parts = [self._advance_any(ignore_reserved=True)]
    692
    693            # We avoid consuming a comma token because external tables like @foo and @bar
    694            # can be joined in a query with a comma separator, as well as closing paren
    695            # in case of subqueries
    696            while self._is_connected() and not self._match_set(
    697                (TokenType.COMMA, TokenType.R_PAREN), advance=False
    698            ):
    699                parts.append(self._advance_any(ignore_reserved=True))
    700
    701            return exp.var("".join(part.text for part in parts if part))
    702
    703        def _parse_lambda_arg(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
    704            this = super()._parse_lambda_arg()
    705
    706            if not this:
    707                return this
    708
    709            typ = self._parse_types()
    710
    711            if typ:
    712                return self.expression(exp.Cast, this=this, to=typ)
    713
    714            return this

Parser consumes a list of tokens produced by the Tokenizer and produces a parsed syntax tree.

###### Arguments:

- error_level: The desired error level. Default: ErrorLevel.IMMEDIATE
- error_message_context: The amount of context to capture from a query string when displaying the error message (in number of characters). Default: 100
- max_errors: Maximum number of error messages to include in a raised ParseError. This is only relevant if error_level is ErrorLevel.RAISE. Default: 3

IDENTIFY_PIVOT_STRINGS = True
DEFAULT_SAMPLING_METHOD = 'BERNOULLI'
COLON_IS_JSON_EXTRACT = True
ID_VAR_TOKENS = {<TokenType.KILL: 'KILL'>, <TokenType.MONEY: 'MONEY'>, <TokenType.COPY: 'COPY'>, <TokenType.PERCENT: 'PERCENT'>, <TokenType.TAG: 'TAG'>, <TokenType.TSTZMULTIRANGE: 'TSTZMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.VOLATILE: 'VOLATILE'>, <TokenType.IDENTIFIER: 'IDENTIFIER'>, <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, <TokenType.HSTORE: 'HSTORE'>, <TokenType.ASC: 'ASC'>, <TokenType.IPADDRESS: 'IPADDRESS'>, <TokenType.ISNULL: 'ISNULL'>, <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 'TEMPORARY'>, <TokenType.PROCEDURE: 'PROCEDURE'>, <TokenType.SCHEMA: 'SCHEMA'>, <TokenType.NUMRANGE: 'NUMRANGE'>, <TokenType.DATE32: 'DATE32'>, <TokenType.INT8RANGE: 'INT8RANGE'>, <TokenType.AGGREGATEFUNCTION: 'AGGREGATEFUNCTION'>, <TokenType.VIEW: 'VIEW'>, <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, <TokenType.TIMETZ: 'TIMETZ'>, <TokenType.GEOMETRY: 'GEOMETRY'>, <TokenType.BEGIN: 'BEGIN'>, <TokenType.ENUM8: 'ENUM8'>, <TokenType.INDEX: 'INDEX'>, <TokenType.PARTITION: 'PARTITION'>, <TokenType.UINT256: 'UINT256'>, <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, <TokenType.CACHE: 'CACHE'>, <TokenType.OPERATOR: 'OPERATOR'>, <TokenType.COLUMN: 'COLUMN'>, <TokenType.INT128: 'INT128'>, <TokenType.SMALLMONEY: 'SMALLMONEY'>, <TokenType.HLLSKETCH: 'HLLSKETCH'>, <TokenType.UNPIVOT: 'UNPIVOT'>, <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, <TokenType.INT256: 'INT256'>, <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, <TokenType.COMMIT: 'COMMIT'>, <TokenType.NUMMULTIRANGE: 'NUMMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.EXISTS: 'EXISTS'>, <TokenType.NULL: 'NULL'>, <TokenType.RECURSIVE: 'RECURSIVE'>, <TokenType.SET: 'SET'>, <TokenType.NULLABLE: 'NULLABLE'>, <TokenType.REFRESH: 'REFRESH'>, <TokenType.TINYTEXT: 'TINYTEXT'>, <TokenType.SHOW: 'SHOW'>, <TokenType.DEFAULT: 'DEFAULT'>, <TokenType.DATE: 'DATE'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>, <TokenType.MERGE: 'MERGE'>, <TokenType.FIRST: 'FIRST'>, <TokenType.BINARY: 'BINARY'>, <TokenType.ARRAY: 'ARRAY'>, <TokenType.SERIAL: 'SERIAL'>, <TokenType.EXECUTE: 'EXECUTE'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPNTZ: 'TIMESTAMPNTZ'>, <TokenType.INTERVAL: 'INTERVAL'>, <TokenType.PRAGMA: 'PRAGMA'>, <TokenType.APPLY: 'APPLY'>, <TokenType.STORAGE_INTEGRATION: 'STORAGE_INTEGRATION'>, <TokenType.ASOF: 'ASOF'>, <TokenType.WINDOW: 'WINDOW'>, <TokenType.RIGHT: 'RIGHT'>, <TokenType.BPCHAR: 'BPCHAR'>, <TokenType.BIT: 'BIT'>, <TokenType.UINT: 'UINT'>, <TokenType.UUID: 'UUID'>, <TokenType.STRUCT: 'STRUCT'>, <TokenType.FALSE: 'FALSE'>, <TokenType.LEFT: 'LEFT'>, <TokenType.TOP: 'TOP'>, <TokenType.FUNCTION: 'FUNCTION'>, <TokenType.SUPER: 'SUPER'>, <TokenType.CASE: 'CASE'>, <TokenType.IMAGE: 'IMAGE'>, <TokenType.UBIGINT: 'UBIGINT'>, <TokenType.LONGBLOB: 'LONGBLOB'>, <TokenType.ROLLUP: 'ROLLUP'>, <TokenType.VAR: 'VAR'>, <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, <TokenType.LOAD: 'LOAD'>, <TokenType.TRUNCATE: 'TRUNCATE'>, <TokenType.KEEP: 'KEEP'>, <TokenType.UMEDIUMINT: 'UMEDIUMINT'>, <TokenType.OBJECT_IDENTIFIER: 'OBJECT_IDENTIFIER'>, <TokenType.UINT128: 'UINT128'>, <TokenType.END: 'END'>, <TokenType.MAP: 'MAP'>, <TokenType.IPV4: 'IPV4'>, <TokenType.USERDEFINED: 'USERDEFINED'>, <TokenType.REFERENCES: 'REFERENCES'>, <TokenType.REPLACE: 'REPLACE'>, <TokenType.RANGE: 'RANGE'>, <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, <TokenType.INT4MULTIRANGE: 'INT4MULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.TRUE: 'TRUE'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_MS: 'TIMESTAMP_MS'>, <TokenType.VARIANT: 'VARIANT'>, <TokenType.ENUM: 'ENUM'>, <TokenType.USE: 'USE'>, <TokenType.USMALLINT: 'USMALLINT'>, <TokenType.OVERLAPS: 'OVERLAPS'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_S: 'TIMESTAMP_S'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_TIMESTAMP: 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP'>, <TokenType.UNIQUE: 'UNIQUE'>, <TokenType.ORDINALITY: 'ORDINALITY'>, <TokenType.UNIQUEIDENTIFIER: 'UNIQUEIDENTIFIER'>, <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, <TokenType.DATABASE: 'DATABASE'>, <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>, <TokenType.PSEUDO_TYPE: 'PSEUDO_TYPE'>, <TokenType.FIXEDSTRING: 'FIXEDSTRING'>, <TokenType.NEXT: 'NEXT'>, <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, <TokenType.BIGSERIAL: 'BIGSERIAL'>, <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>, <TokenType.IS: 'IS'>, <TokenType.CONSTRAINT: 'CONSTRAINT'>, <TokenType.FINAL: 'FINAL'>, <TokenType.UNKNOWN: 'UNKNOWN'>, <TokenType.SETTINGS: 'SETTINGS'>, <TokenType.ROWS: 'ROWS'>, <TokenType.TSTZRANGE: 'TSTZRANGE'>, <TokenType.DATETIME64: 'DATETIME64'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMBLOB: 'MEDIUMBLOB'>, <TokenType.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMINT: 'MEDIUMINT'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>, <TokenType.TSMULTIRANGE: 'TSMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.XML: 'XML'>, <TokenType.SEMI: 'SEMI'>, <TokenType.JSON: 'JSON'>, <TokenType.DELETE: 'DELETE'>, <TokenType.UTINYINT: 'UTINYINT'>, <TokenType.TIME: 'TIME'>, <TokenType.UDECIMAL: 'UDECIMAL'>, <TokenType.NESTED: 'NESTED'>, <TokenType.DESC: 'DESC'>, <TokenType.ROWVERSION: 'ROWVERSION'>, <TokenType.OFFSET: 'OFFSET'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_NS: 'TIMESTAMP_NS'>, <TokenType.ANY: 'ANY'>, <TokenType.DIV: 'DIV'>, <TokenType.DICTIONARY: 'DICTIONARY'>, <TokenType.INET: 'INET'>, <TokenType.INT8MULTIRANGE: 'INT8MULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.COMMENT: 'COMMENT'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_USER: 'CURRENT_USER'>, <TokenType.SIMPLEAGGREGATEFUNCTION: 'SIMPLEAGGREGATEFUNCTION'>, <TokenType.ALL: 'ALL'>, <TokenType.NAME: 'NAME'>, <TokenType.SOME: 'SOME'>, <TokenType.ENUM16: 'ENUM16'>, <TokenType.YEAR: 'YEAR'>, <TokenType.FULL: 'FULL'>, <TokenType.GEOGRAPHY: 'GEOGRAPHY'>, <TokenType.TINYBLOB: 'TINYBLOB'>, <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, <TokenType.INT4RANGE: 'INT4RANGE'>, <TokenType.FORMAT: 'FORMAT'>, <TokenType.FOREIGN_KEY: 'FOREIGN_KEY'>, <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 'AUTO_INCREMENT'>, <TokenType.IPPREFIX: 'IPPREFIX'>, <TokenType.OVERWRITE: 'OVERWRITE'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME: 'CURRENT_DATETIME'>, <TokenType.COLLATE: 'COLLATE'>, <TokenType.FILTER: 'FILTER'>, <TokenType.JSONB: 'JSONB'>, <TokenType.TDIGEST: 'TDIGEST'>, <TokenType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>, <TokenType.LOWCARDINALITY: 'LOWCARDINALITY'>, <TokenType.MATCH_CONDITION: 'MATCH_CONDITION'>, <TokenType.ROW: 'ROW'>, <TokenType.SMALLSERIAL: 'SMALLSERIAL'>, <TokenType.OBJECT: 'OBJECT'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>, <TokenType.TABLE: 'TABLE'>, <TokenType.DATERANGE: 'DATERANGE'>, <TokenType.NATURAL: 'NATURAL'>, <TokenType.TSRANGE: 'TSRANGE'>, <TokenType.ESCAPE: 'ESCAPE'>, <TokenType.PIVOT: 'PIVOT'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, <TokenType.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>, <TokenType.DATEMULTIRANGE: 'DATEMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.UPDATE: 'UPDATE'>, <TokenType.MODEL: 'MODEL'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_DATE: 'CURRENT_DATE'>, <TokenType.SEQUENCE: 'SEQUENCE'>, <TokenType.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>, <TokenType.DESCRIBE: 'DESCRIBE'>, <TokenType.IPV6: 'IPV6'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_TIME: 'CURRENT_TIME'>, <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, <TokenType.ANTI: 'ANTI'>}
TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS = {<TokenType.KILL: 'KILL'>, <TokenType.MONEY: 'MONEY'>, <TokenType.COPY: 'COPY'>, <TokenType.PERCENT: 'PERCENT'>, <TokenType.TAG: 'TAG'>, <TokenType.TSTZMULTIRANGE: 'TSTZMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.VOLATILE: 'VOLATILE'>, <TokenType.IDENTIFIER: 'IDENTIFIER'>, <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, <TokenType.HSTORE: 'HSTORE'>, <TokenType.ASC: 'ASC'>, <TokenType.IPADDRESS: 'IPADDRESS'>, <TokenType.ISNULL: 'ISNULL'>, <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 'TEMPORARY'>, <TokenType.PROCEDURE: 'PROCEDURE'>, <TokenType.SCHEMA: 'SCHEMA'>, <TokenType.NUMRANGE: 'NUMRANGE'>, <TokenType.DATE32: 'DATE32'>, <TokenType.INT8RANGE: 'INT8RANGE'>, <TokenType.ANTI: 'ANTI'>, <TokenType.AGGREGATEFUNCTION: 'AGGREGATEFUNCTION'>, <TokenType.VIEW: 'VIEW'>, <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, <TokenType.TIMETZ: 'TIMETZ'>, <TokenType.GEOMETRY: 'GEOMETRY'>, <TokenType.BEGIN: 'BEGIN'>, <TokenType.ENUM8: 'ENUM8'>, <TokenType.INDEX: 'INDEX'>, <TokenType.PARTITION: 'PARTITION'>, <TokenType.UINT256: 'UINT256'>, <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, <TokenType.CACHE: 'CACHE'>, <TokenType.OPERATOR: 'OPERATOR'>, <TokenType.COLUMN: 'COLUMN'>, <TokenType.INT128: 'INT128'>, <TokenType.SMALLMONEY: 'SMALLMONEY'>, <TokenType.HLLSKETCH: 'HLLSKETCH'>, <TokenType.UNPIVOT: 'UNPIVOT'>, <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, <TokenType.INT256: 'INT256'>, <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, <TokenType.COMMIT: 'COMMIT'>, <TokenType.NUMMULTIRANGE: 'NUMMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.EXISTS: 'EXISTS'>, <TokenType.NULL: 'NULL'>, <TokenType.RECURSIVE: 'RECURSIVE'>, <TokenType.SET: 'SET'>, <TokenType.NULLABLE: 'NULLABLE'>, <TokenType.REFRESH: 'REFRESH'>, <TokenType.TINYTEXT: 'TINYTEXT'>, <TokenType.SHOW: 'SHOW'>, <TokenType.DEFAULT: 'DEFAULT'>, <TokenType.DATE: 'DATE'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>, <TokenType.MERGE: 'MERGE'>, <TokenType.FIRST: 'FIRST'>, <TokenType.BINARY: 'BINARY'>, <TokenType.ARRAY: 'ARRAY'>, <TokenType.SERIAL: 'SERIAL'>, <TokenType.EXECUTE: 'EXECUTE'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPNTZ: 'TIMESTAMPNTZ'>, <TokenType.INTERVAL: 'INTERVAL'>, <TokenType.PRAGMA: 'PRAGMA'>, <TokenType.STORAGE_INTEGRATION: 'STORAGE_INTEGRATION'>, <TokenType.WINDOW: 'WINDOW'>, <TokenType.BPCHAR: 'BPCHAR'>, <TokenType.BIT: 'BIT'>, <TokenType.UINT: 'UINT'>, <TokenType.UUID: 'UUID'>, <TokenType.STRUCT: 'STRUCT'>, <TokenType.FALSE: 'FALSE'>, <TokenType.FUNCTION: 'FUNCTION'>, <TokenType.TOP: 'TOP'>, <TokenType.SUPER: 'SUPER'>, <TokenType.CASE: 'CASE'>, <TokenType.IMAGE: 'IMAGE'>, <TokenType.UBIGINT: 'UBIGINT'>, <TokenType.LONGBLOB: 'LONGBLOB'>, <TokenType.ROLLUP: 'ROLLUP'>, <TokenType.VAR: 'VAR'>, <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, <TokenType.LOAD: 'LOAD'>, <TokenType.TRUNCATE: 'TRUNCATE'>, <TokenType.KEEP: 'KEEP'>, <TokenType.UMEDIUMINT: 'UMEDIUMINT'>, <TokenType.OBJECT_IDENTIFIER: 'OBJECT_IDENTIFIER'>, <TokenType.UINT128: 'UINT128'>, <TokenType.END: 'END'>, <TokenType.MAP: 'MAP'>, <TokenType.IPV4: 'IPV4'>, <TokenType.USERDEFINED: 'USERDEFINED'>, <TokenType.REFERENCES: 'REFERENCES'>, <TokenType.REPLACE: 'REPLACE'>, <TokenType.RANGE: 'RANGE'>, <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, <TokenType.INT4MULTIRANGE: 'INT4MULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.TRUE: 'TRUE'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_MS: 'TIMESTAMP_MS'>, <TokenType.VARIANT: 'VARIANT'>, <TokenType.ENUM: 'ENUM'>, <TokenType.USE: 'USE'>, <TokenType.USMALLINT: 'USMALLINT'>, <TokenType.OVERLAPS: 'OVERLAPS'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_S: 'TIMESTAMP_S'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_TIMESTAMP: 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP'>, <TokenType.UNIQUE: 'UNIQUE'>, <TokenType.ORDINALITY: 'ORDINALITY'>, <TokenType.UNIQUEIDENTIFIER: 'UNIQUEIDENTIFIER'>, <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, <TokenType.DATABASE: 'DATABASE'>, <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>, <TokenType.PSEUDO_TYPE: 'PSEUDO_TYPE'>, <TokenType.FIXEDSTRING: 'FIXEDSTRING'>, <TokenType.NEXT: 'NEXT'>, <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, <TokenType.BIGSERIAL: 'BIGSERIAL'>, <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>, <TokenType.IS: 'IS'>, <TokenType.CONSTRAINT: 'CONSTRAINT'>, <TokenType.FINAL: 'FINAL'>, <TokenType.UNKNOWN: 'UNKNOWN'>, <TokenType.SETTINGS: 'SETTINGS'>, <TokenType.ROWS: 'ROWS'>, <TokenType.TSTZRANGE: 'TSTZRANGE'>, <TokenType.DATETIME64: 'DATETIME64'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMBLOB: 'MEDIUMBLOB'>, <TokenType.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMINT: 'MEDIUMINT'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>, <TokenType.TSMULTIRANGE: 'TSMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.XML: 'XML'>, <TokenType.JSON: 'JSON'>, <TokenType.UTINYINT: 'UTINYINT'>, <TokenType.DELETE: 'DELETE'>, <TokenType.TIME: 'TIME'>, <TokenType.UDECIMAL: 'UDECIMAL'>, <TokenType.NESTED: 'NESTED'>, <TokenType.SEMI: 'SEMI'>, <TokenType.DESC: 'DESC'>, <TokenType.ROWVERSION: 'ROWVERSION'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_NS: 'TIMESTAMP_NS'>, <TokenType.ANY: 'ANY'>, <TokenType.DIV: 'DIV'>, <TokenType.DICTIONARY: 'DICTIONARY'>, <TokenType.INET: 'INET'>, <TokenType.INT8MULTIRANGE: 'INT8MULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.COMMENT: 'COMMENT'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_USER: 'CURRENT_USER'>, <TokenType.SIMPLEAGGREGATEFUNCTION: 'SIMPLEAGGREGATEFUNCTION'>, <TokenType.ALL: 'ALL'>, <TokenType.NAME: 'NAME'>, <TokenType.SOME: 'SOME'>, <TokenType.ENUM16: 'ENUM16'>, <TokenType.YEAR: 'YEAR'>, <TokenType.GEOGRAPHY: 'GEOGRAPHY'>, <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, <TokenType.INT4RANGE: 'INT4RANGE'>, <TokenType.FORMAT: 'FORMAT'>, <TokenType.FOREIGN_KEY: 'FOREIGN_KEY'>, <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 'AUTO_INCREMENT'>, <TokenType.IPPREFIX: 'IPPREFIX'>, <TokenType.OVERWRITE: 'OVERWRITE'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME: 'CURRENT_DATETIME'>, <TokenType.COLLATE: 'COLLATE'>, <TokenType.FILTER: 'FILTER'>, <TokenType.JSONB: 'JSONB'>, <TokenType.TDIGEST: 'TDIGEST'>, <TokenType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>, <TokenType.LOWCARDINALITY: 'LOWCARDINALITY'>, <TokenType.ROW: 'ROW'>, <TokenType.SMALLSERIAL: 'SMALLSERIAL'>, <TokenType.OBJECT: 'OBJECT'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>, <TokenType.TABLE: 'TABLE'>, <TokenType.DATERANGE: 'DATERANGE'>, <TokenType.TSRANGE: 'TSRANGE'>, <TokenType.ESCAPE: 'ESCAPE'>, <TokenType.PIVOT: 'PIVOT'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, <TokenType.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>, <TokenType.DATEMULTIRANGE: 'DATEMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.UPDATE: 'UPDATE'>, <TokenType.MODEL: 'MODEL'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_DATE: 'CURRENT_DATE'>, <TokenType.SEQUENCE: 'SEQUENCE'>, <TokenType.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>, <TokenType.DESCRIBE: 'DESCRIBE'>, <TokenType.IPV6: 'IPV6'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_TIME: 'CURRENT_TIME'>, <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, <TokenType.TINYBLOB: 'TINYBLOB'>}
FUNCTIONS = {'ABS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Abs'>>, 'ADD_MONTHS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AddMonths'>>, 'ANONYMOUS_AGG_FUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AnonymousAggFunc'>>, 'ANY_VALUE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AnyValue'>>, 'APPROX_DISTINCT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxDistinct'>>, 'APPROX_COUNT_DISTINCT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxDistinct'>>, 'APPROX_QUANTILE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxQuantile'>>, 'APPROX_TOP_K': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxTopK'>>, 'ARG_MAX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMax'>>, 'ARGMAX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMax'>>, 'MAX_BY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMax'>>, 'ARG_MIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMin'>>, 'ARGMIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMin'>>, 'MIN_BY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMin'>>, 'ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Array'>>, 'ARRAY_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayAgg'>>, 'ARRAY_ALL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayAll'>>, 'ARRAY_ANY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayAny'>>, 'ARRAY_CONCAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayConcat'>>, 'ARRAY_CAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayConcat'>>, 'ARRAY_CONSTRUCT_COMPACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayConstructCompact'>>, 'ARRAY_CONTAINS': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, 'FILTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayFilter'>>, 'ARRAY_FILTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayFilter'>>, 'ARRAY_OVERLAPS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayOverlaps'>>, 'ARRAY_SIZE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySize'>>, 'ARRAY_LENGTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySize'>>, 'ARRAY_SORT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySort'>>, 'ARRAY_SUM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySum'>>, 'ARRAY_TO_STRING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayToString'>>, 'ARRAY_JOIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayToString'>>, 'ARRAY_UNION_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayUnionAgg'>>, 'ARRAY_UNIQUE_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayUniqueAgg'>>, 'AVG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Avg'>>, 'CASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Case'>>, 'CAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Cast'>>, 'CAST_TO_STR_TYPE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CastToStrType'>>, 'CBRT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Cbrt'>>, 'CEIL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Ceil'>>, 'CEILING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Ceil'>>, 'CHR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Chr'>>, 'CHAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Chr'>>, 'COALESCE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Coalesce'>>, 'IFNULL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Coalesce'>>, 'NVL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Coalesce'>>, 'COLLATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Collate'>>, 'COMBINED_AGG_FUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CombinedAggFunc'>>, 'COMBINED_PARAMETERIZED_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CombinedParameterizedAgg'>>, 'CONCAT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CONCAT_WS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CONNECT_BY_ROOT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ConnectByRoot'>>, 'CONVERT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Convert'>>, 'CORR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Corr'>>, 'COUNT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Count'>>, 'COUNT_IF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CountIf'>>, 'COUNTIF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CountIf'>>, 'COVAR_POP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CovarPop'>>, 'COVAR_SAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CovarSamp'>>, 'CURRENT_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentDate'>>, 'CURRENT_DATETIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentDatetime'>>, 'CURRENT_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentTime'>>, 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentTimestamp'>>, 'CURRENT_USER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentUser'>>, 'DATE': <function _build_datetime.<locals>._builder>, 'DATE_ADD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateAdd'>>, 'DATEDIFF': <function _build_datediff>, 'DATE_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateDiff'>>, 'DATE_FROM_PARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateFromParts'>>, 'DATEFROMPARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateFromParts'>>, 'DATE_STR_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateStrToDate'>>, 'DATE_SUB': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateSub'>>, 'DATE_TO_DATE_STR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DATE_TO_DI': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateToDi'>>, 'DATE_TRUNC': <function _date_trunc_to_time>, 'DATETIME_ADD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeAdd'>>, 'DATETIME_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeDiff'>>, 'DATETIME_SUB': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeSub'>>, 'DATETIME_TRUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeTrunc'>>, 'DAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Day'>>, 'DAY_OF_MONTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfMonth'>>, 'DAYOFMONTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfMonth'>>, 'DAY_OF_WEEK': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfWeek'>>, 'DAYOFWEEK': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfWeek'>>, 'DAY_OF_YEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfYear'>>, 'DAYOFYEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfYear'>>, 'DECODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Decode'>>, 'DI_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DiToDate'>>, 'ENCODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Encode'>>, 'EXP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Exp'>>, 'EXPLODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Explode'>>, 'EXPLODE_OUTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExplodeOuter'>>, 'EXTRACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Extract'>>, 'FIRST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.First'>>, 'FIRST_VALUE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FirstValue'>>, 'FLATTEN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Explode'>>, 'FLOOR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Floor'>>, 'FROM_BASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FromBase'>>, 'FROM_BASE64': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FromBase64'>>, 'GENERATE_DATE_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GenerateDateArray'>>, 'GENERATE_SERIES': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GenerateSeries'>>, 'GREATEST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Greatest'>>, 'GROUP_CONCAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GroupConcat'>>, 'HEX': <function build_hex>, 'HLL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Hll'>>, 'IF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.If'>>, 'IIF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.If'>>, 'INITCAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Initcap'>>, 'IS_INF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsInf'>>, 'ISINF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsInf'>>, 'IS_NAN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsNan'>>, 'ISNAN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsNan'>>, 'J_S_O_N_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONArray'>>, 'J_S_O_N_ARRAY_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONArrayAgg'>>, 'JSON_ARRAY_CONTAINS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONArrayContains'>>, 'JSONB_EXTRACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONBExtract'>>, 'JSONB_EXTRACT_SCALAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONBExtractScalar'>>, 'JSON_EXTRACT': <function build_extract_json_with_path.<locals>._builder>, 'JSON_EXTRACT_SCALAR': <function build_extract_json_with_path.<locals>._builder>, 'JSON_FORMAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONFormat'>>, 'J_S_O_N_OBJECT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONObject'>>, 'J_S_O_N_OBJECT_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONObjectAgg'>>, 'J_S_O_N_TABLE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONTable'>>, 'LAG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Lag'>>, 'LAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Last'>>, 'LAST_DAY': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, 'LAST_DAY_OF_MONTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LastDay'>>, 'LAST_VALUE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LastValue'>>, 'LEAD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Lead'>>, 'LEAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Least'>>, 'LEFT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Left'>>, 'LENGTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Length'>>, 'LEN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Length'>>, 'LEVENSHTEIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Levenshtein'>>, 'LN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Ln'>>, 'LOG': <function build_logarithm>, 'LOGICAL_AND': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalAnd'>>, 'BOOL_AND': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalAnd'>>, 'BOOLAND_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalAnd'>>, 'LOGICAL_OR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalOr'>>, 'BOOL_OR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalOr'>>, 'BOOLOR_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalOr'>>, 'LOWER': <function build_lower>, 'LCASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Lower'>>, 'LOWER_HEX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LowerHex'>>, 'MD5': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MD5'>>, 'MD5_DIGEST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MD5Digest'>>, 'MAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Map'>>, 'MAP_FROM_ENTRIES': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MapFromEntries'>>, 'MATCH_AGAINST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MatchAgainst'>>, 'MAX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Max'>>, 'MIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Min'>>, 'MONTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Month'>>, 'MONTHS_BETWEEN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MonthsBetween'>>, 'NEXT_VALUE_FOR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NextValueFor'>>, 'NTH_VALUE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NthValue'>>, 'NULLIF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Nullif'>>, 'NUMBER_TO_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NumberToStr'>>, 'NVL2': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Nvl2'>>, 'OPEN_J_S_O_N': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OpenJSON'>>, 'PARAMETERIZED_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ParameterizedAgg'>>, 'PARSE_JSON': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ParseJSON'>>, 'JSON_PARSE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ParseJSON'>>, 'PERCENTILE_CONT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PercentileCont'>>, 'PERCENTILE_DISC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PercentileDisc'>>, 'POSEXPLODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Posexplode'>>, 'POSEXPLODE_OUTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PosexplodeOuter'>>, 'POWER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Pow'>>, 'POW': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Pow'>>, 'PREDICT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Predict'>>, 'QUANTILE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Quantile'>>, 'QUARTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Quarter'>>, 'RAND': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Rand'>>, 'RANDOM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Rand'>>, 'RANDN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Randn'>>, 'RANGE_N': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RangeN'>>, 'READ_CSV': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ReadCSV'>>, 'REDUCE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Reduce'>>, 'REGEXP_EXTRACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpExtract'>>, 'REGEXP_I_LIKE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpILike'>>, 'REGEXP_LIKE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpLike'>>, 'REGEXP_REPLACE': <function _build_regexp_replace>, 'REGEXP_SPLIT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpSplit'>>, 'REPEAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Repeat'>>, 'RIGHT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Right'>>, 'ROUND': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Round'>>, 'ROW_NUMBER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowNumber'>>, 'SHA': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA'>>, 'SHA1': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA'>>, 'SHA2': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA2'>>, 'SAFE_DIVIDE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SafeDivide'>>, 'SIGN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sign'>>, 'SIGNUM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sign'>>, 'SORT_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SortArray'>>, 'SPLIT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Split'>>, 'SQRT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sqrt'>>, 'STANDARD_HASH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StandardHash'>>, 'STAR_MAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StarMap'>>, 'STARTS_WITH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StartsWith'>>, 'STARTSWITH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StartsWith'>>, 'STDDEV': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stddev'>>, 'STDDEV_POP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StddevPop'>>, 'STDDEV_SAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StddevSamp'>>, 'STR_POSITION': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrPosition'>>, 'STR_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToDate'>>, 'STR_TO_MAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToMap'>>, 'STR_TO_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToTime'>>, 'STR_TO_UNIX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToUnix'>>, 'STRUCT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Struct'>>, 'STRUCT_EXTRACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StructExtract'>>, 'STUFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stuff'>>, 'INSERT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stuff'>>, 'SUBSTRING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Substring'>>, 'SUM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sum'>>, 'TIME_ADD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeAdd'>>, 'TIME_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeDiff'>>, 'TIME_FROM_PARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeFromParts'>>, 'TIMEFROMPARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeFromParts'>>, 'TIME_STR_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToDate'>>, 'TIME_STR_TO_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToTime'>>, 'TIME_STR_TO_UNIX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToUnix'>>, 'TIME_SUB': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeSub'>>, 'TIME_TO_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeToStr'>>, 'TIME_TO_TIME_STR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TIME_TO_UNIX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeToUnix'>>, 'TIME_TRUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeTrunc'>>, 'TIMESTAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Timestamp'>>, 'TIMESTAMP_ADD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampAdd'>>, 'TIMESTAMPDIFF': <function _build_datediff>, 'TIMESTAMP_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampDiff'>>, 'TIMESTAMP_FROM_PARTS': <function _build_timestamp_from_parts>, 'TIMESTAMPFROMPARTS': <function _build_timestamp_from_parts>, 'TIMESTAMP_SUB': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampSub'>>, 'TIMESTAMP_TRUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampTrunc'>>, 'TO_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToArray'>>, 'TO_BASE64': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToBase64'>>, 'TO_CHAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToChar'>>, 'TO_DAYS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToDays'>>, 'TO_MAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToMap'>>, 'TO_NUMBER': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, 'TRANSFORM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Transform'>>, 'TRIM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Trim'>>, 'TRY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Try'>>, 'TRY_CAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TryCast'>>, 'TS_OR_DI_TO_DI': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDiToDi'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_ADD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsAdd'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsDiff'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsToDate'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_TO_DATE_STR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TS_OR_DS_TO_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsToTime'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_TO_TIMESTAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsToTimestamp'>>, 'UNHEX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Unhex'>>, 'UNIX_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixDate'>>, 'UNIX_TO_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToStr'>>, 'UNIX_TO_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToTime'>>, 'UNIX_TO_TIME_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToTimeStr'>>, 'UPPER': <function build_upper>, 'UCASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Upper'>>, 'VAR_MAP': <function build_var_map>, 'VARIANCE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Variance'>>, 'VARIANCE_SAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Variance'>>, 'VAR_SAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Variance'>>, 'VARIANCE_POP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VariancePop'>>, 'VAR_POP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VariancePop'>>, 'WEEK': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Week'>>, 'WEEK_OF_YEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WeekOfYear'>>, 'WEEKOFYEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WeekOfYear'>>, 'WHEN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.When'>>, 'X_M_L_TABLE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.XMLTable'>>, 'XOR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Xor'>>, 'YEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Year'>>, 'GLOB': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'JSON_EXTRACT_PATH_TEXT': <function build_extract_json_with_path.<locals>._builder>, 'LIKE': <function build_like>, 'LOG2': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LOG10': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MOD': <function build_mod>, 'TO_HEX': <function build_hex>, 'APPROX_PERCENTILE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxQuantile'>>, 'ARRAYAGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayAgg'>>, 'ARRAY_CONSTRUCT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Array'>>, 'ARRAY_GENERATE_RANGE': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, 'BITXOR': <function binary_from_function.<locals>.<lambda>>, 'BIT_XOR': <function binary_from_function.<locals>.<lambda>>, 'BOOLXOR': <function binary_from_function.<locals>.<lambda>>, 'CONVERT_TIMEZONE': <function _build_convert_timezone>, 'DATEADD': <function _build_date_time_add.<locals>._builder>, 'DIV0': <function _build_if_from_div0>, 'GET_PATH': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, 'IFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.If'>>, 'LISTAGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GroupConcat'>>, 'MEDIAN': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, 'NULLIFZERO': <function _build_if_from_nullifzero>, 'OBJECT_CONSTRUCT': <function _build_object_construct>, 'REGEXP_SUBSTR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpExtract'>>, 'RLIKE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpLike'>>, 'SQUARE': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, 'TIMEADD': <function _build_date_time_add.<locals>._builder>, 'TIMEDIFF': <function _build_datediff>, 'TIMESTAMPADD': <function _build_date_time_add.<locals>._builder>, 'TRY_TO_DATE': <function _build_datetime.<locals>._builder>, 'TO_DATE': <function _build_datetime.<locals>._builder>, 'TO_TIME': <function _build_datetime.<locals>._builder>, 'TO_TIMESTAMP': <function _build_datetime.<locals>._builder>, 'TO_TIMESTAMP_LTZ': <function _build_datetime.<locals>._builder>, 'TO_TIMESTAMP_NTZ': <function _build_datetime.<locals>._builder>, 'TO_TIMESTAMP_TZ': <function _build_datetime.<locals>._builder>, 'TO_VARCHAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToChar'>>, 'ZEROIFNULL': <function _build_if_from_zeroifnull>}
FUNCTION_PARSERS = {'CAST': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CONVERT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DECODE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'EXTRACT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'JSON_OBJECT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'JSON_OBJECTAGG': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'JSON_TABLE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MATCH': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'OPENJSON': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'POSITION': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PREDICT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SAFE_CAST': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'STRING_AGG': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SUBSTRING': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TRY_CAST': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TRY_CONVERT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DATE_PART': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, 'OBJECT_CONSTRUCT_KEEP_NULL': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>}
TIMESTAMPS = {<TokenType.TIMETZ: 'TIMETZ'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>}
RANGE_PARSERS = {<TokenType.BETWEEN: 'BETWEEN'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.GLOB: 'GLOB'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>.<lambda>>, <TokenType.ILIKE: 'ILIKE'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>.<lambda>>, <TokenType.IN: 'IN'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.IRLIKE: 'IRLIKE'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>.<lambda>>, <TokenType.IS: 'IS'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.LIKE: 'LIKE'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>.<lambda>>, <TokenType.OVERLAPS: 'OVERLAPS'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>.<lambda>>, <TokenType.RLIKE: 'RLIKE'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>.<lambda>>, <TokenType.SIMILAR_TO: 'SIMILAR_TO'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>.<lambda>>, <TokenType.FOR: 'FOR'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.LIKE_ANY: 'LIKE_ANY'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>.<lambda>>, <TokenType.ILIKE_ANY: 'ILIKE_ANY'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>.<lambda>>}
ALTER_PARSERS = {'ADD': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ALTER': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CLUSTER BY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DELETE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DROP': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'RENAME': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SET': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'UNSET': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, 'SWAP': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>}
STATEMENT_PARSERS = {<TokenType.ALTER: 'ALTER'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.BEGIN: 'BEGIN'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.CACHE: 'CACHE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.COMMENT: 'COMMENT'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.COMMIT: 'COMMIT'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.COPY: 'COPY'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.CREATE: 'CREATE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.DELETE: 'DELETE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.DESC: 'DESC'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.DESCRIBE: 'DESCRIBE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.DROP: 'DROP'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.INSERT: 'INSERT'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.KILL: 'KILL'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.LOAD: 'LOAD'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.MERGE: 'MERGE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.PIVOT: 'PIVOT'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.PRAGMA: 'PRAGMA'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.REFRESH: 'REFRESH'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.ROLLBACK: 'ROLLBACK'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.SET: 'SET'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.TRUNCATE: 'TRUNCATE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.UNCACHE: 'UNCACHE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.UPDATE: 'UPDATE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.USE: 'USE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.SEMICOLON: 'SEMICOLON'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.SHOW: 'SHOW'>: <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>}
PROPERTY_PARSERS = {'ALLOWED_VALUES': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ALGORITHM': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'AUTO': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'AUTO_INCREMENT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'BACKUP': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'BLOCKCOMPRESSION': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CHARSET': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CHARACTER SET': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CHECKSUM': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CLUSTER BY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CLUSTERED': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COLLATE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COMMENT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CONTAINS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COPY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DATABLOCKSIZE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DATA_DELETION': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DEFINER': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DETERMINISTIC': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DISTKEY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DISTSTYLE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ENGINE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'EXECUTE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'EXTERNAL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'FALLBACK': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'FORMAT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'FREESPACE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'GLOBAL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'HEAP': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ICEBERG': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'IMMUTABLE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'INHERITS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'INPUT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'JOURNAL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LANGUAGE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LAYOUT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LIFETIME': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LIKE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LOCATION': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, 'LOCK': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LOCKING': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LOG': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MATERIALIZED': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MERGEBLOCKRATIO': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MODIFIES': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MULTISET': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'NO': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ON': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ORDER BY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'OUTPUT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PARTITION': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PARTITION BY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PARTITIONED BY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PARTITIONED_BY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PRIMARY KEY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'RANGE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'READS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'REMOTE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'RETURNS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'STRICT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ROW': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ROW_FORMAT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SAMPLE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SET': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SETTINGS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SHARING': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SORTKEY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SOURCE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'STABLE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'STORED': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SYSTEM_VERSIONING': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TBLPROPERTIES': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TEMP': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TEMPORARY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TO': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TRANSIENT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TRANSFORM': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TTL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'USING': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'UNLOGGED': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'VOLATILE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'WITH': <function Parser.<lambda>>}
TYPE_CONVERTER = {<Type.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>: <function build_default_decimal_type.<locals>._builder>}
SHOW_PARSERS = {'SCHEMAS': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'TERSE SCHEMAS': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'OBJECTS': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'TERSE OBJECTS': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'TABLES': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'TERSE TABLES': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'VIEWS': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'TERSE VIEWS': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'PRIMARY KEYS': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'TERSE PRIMARY KEYS': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'IMPORTED KEYS': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'TERSE IMPORTED KEYS': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'UNIQUE KEYS': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'TERSE UNIQUE KEYS': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'SEQUENCES': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'TERSE SEQUENCES': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'COLUMNS': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'USERS': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'TERSE USERS': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>}
STAGED_FILE_SINGLE_TOKENS = {<TokenType.SLASH: 'SLASH'>, <TokenType.MOD: 'MOD'>, <TokenType.DOT: 'DOT'>}
FLATTEN_COLUMNS = ['SEQ', 'KEY', 'PATH', 'INDEX', 'VALUE', 'THIS']
SCHEMA_KINDS = {'UNIQUE KEYS', 'SEQUENCES', 'OBJECTS', 'IMPORTED KEYS', 'TABLES', 'VIEWS'}
LAMBDAS = {<TokenType.ARROW: 'ARROW'>: <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.FARROW: 'FARROW'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>}
SHOW_TRIE: Dict = {'SCHEMAS': {0: True}, 'TERSE': {'SCHEMAS': {0: True}, 'OBJECTS': {0: True}, 'TABLES': {0: True}, 'VIEWS': {0: True}, 'PRIMARY': {'KEYS': {0: True}}, 'IMPORTED': {'KEYS': {0: True}}, 'UNIQUE': {'KEYS': {0: True}}, 'SEQUENCES': {0: True}, 'USERS': {0: True}}, 'OBJECTS': {0: True}, 'TABLES': {0: True}, 'VIEWS': {0: True}, 'PRIMARY': {'KEYS': {0: True}}, 'IMPORTED': {'KEYS': {0: True}}, 'UNIQUE': {'KEYS': {0: True}}, 'SEQUENCES': {0: True}, 'COLUMNS': {0: True}, 'USERS': {0: True}}
SET_TRIE: Dict = {'GLOBAL': {0: True}, 'LOCAL': {0: True}, 'SESSION': {0: True}, 'TRANSACTION': {0: True}}

##### Inherited Members

sqlglot.parser.Parser
  Parser
  NO_PAREN_FUNCTIONS
  STRUCT_TYPE_TOKENS
  NESTED_TYPE_TOKENS
  ENUM_TYPE_TOKENS
  AGGREGATE_TYPE_TOKENS
  TYPE_TOKENS
  SIGNED_TO_UNSIGNED_TYPE_TOKEN
  SUBQUERY_PREDICATES
  RESERVED_TOKENS
  DB_CREATABLES
  CREATABLES
  INTERVAL_VARS
  ALIAS_TOKENS
  COMMENT_TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS
  UPDATE_ALIAS_TOKENS
  TRIM_TYPES
  FUNC_TOKENS
  CONJUNCTION
  EQUALITY
  COMPARISON
  BITWISE
  TERM
  FACTOR
  EXPONENT
  TIMES
  SET_OPERATIONS
  JOIN_METHODS
  JOIN_SIDES
  JOIN_KINDS
  JOIN_HINTS
  COLUMN_OPERATORS
  EXPRESSION_PARSERS
  UNARY_PARSERS
  STRING_PARSERS
  NUMERIC_PARSERS
  PRIMARY_PARSERS
  PLACEHOLDER_PARSERS
  CONSTRAINT_PARSERS
  ALTER_ALTER_PARSERS
  SCHEMA_UNNAMED_CONSTRAINTS
  NO_PAREN_FUNCTION_PARSERS
  INVALID_FUNC_NAME_TOKENS
  FUNCTIONS_WITH_ALIASED_ARGS
  KEY_VALUE_DEFINITIONS
  QUERY_MODIFIER_PARSERS
  SET_PARSERS
  TYPE_LITERAL_PARSERS
  DDL_SELECT_TOKENS
  PRE_VOLATILE_TOKENS
  TRANSACTION_KIND
  TRANSACTION_CHARACTERISTICS
  CONFLICT_ACTIONS
  CREATE_SEQUENCE
  ISOLATED_LOADING_OPTIONS
  USABLES
  CAST_ACTIONS
  INSERT_ALTERNATIVES
  CLONE_KEYWORDS
  HISTORICAL_DATA_KIND
  OPCLASS_FOLLOW_KEYWORDS
  OPTYPE_FOLLOW_TOKENS
  TABLE_INDEX_HINT_TOKENS
  VIEW_ATTRIBUTES
  WINDOW_ALIAS_TOKENS
  WINDOW_BEFORE_PAREN_TOKENS
  WINDOW_SIDES
  JSON_KEY_VALUE_SEPARATOR_TOKENS
  FETCH_TOKENS
  ADD_CONSTRAINT_TOKENS
  DISTINCT_TOKENS
  NULL_TOKENS
  UNNEST_OFFSET_ALIAS_TOKENS
  SELECT_START_TOKENS
  STRICT_CAST
  PREFIXED_PIVOT_COLUMNS
  LOG_DEFAULTS_TO_LN
  ALTER_TABLE_ADD_REQUIRED_FOR_EACH_COLUMN
  TABLESAMPLE_CSV
  SET_REQUIRES_ASSIGNMENT_DELIMITER
  TRIM_PATTERN_FIRST
  STRING_ALIASES
  MODIFIERS_ATTACHED_TO_UNION
  UNION_MODIFIERS
  NO_PAREN_IF_COMMANDS
  JSON_ARROWS_REQUIRE_JSON_TYPE
  VALUES_FOLLOWED_BY_PAREN
  SUPPORTS_IMPLICIT_UNNEST
  INTERVAL_SPANS
  SUPPORTS_PARTITION_SELECTION
  error_level
  error_message_context
  max_errors
  dialect
  reset
  parse
  parse_into
  check_errors
  raise_error
  expression
  validate_expression
  errors
  sql

class Snowflake.Tokenizer(sqlglot.tokens.Tokenizer): View Source

    716    class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer):
    717        STRING_ESCAPES = ["\\", "'"]
    718        HEX_STRINGS = [("x'", "'"), ("X'", "'")]
    719        RAW_STRINGS = ["$$"]
    720        COMMENTS = ["--", "//", ("/*", "*/")]
    721
    722        KEYWORDS = {
    723            **tokens.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,
    724            "BYTEINT": TokenType.INT,
    725            "CHAR VARYING": TokenType.VARCHAR,
    726            "CHARACTER VARYING": TokenType.VARCHAR,
    727            "EXCLUDE": TokenType.EXCEPT,
    728            "ILIKE ANY": TokenType.ILIKE_ANY,
    729            "LIKE ANY": TokenType.LIKE_ANY,
    730            "MATCH_CONDITION": TokenType.MATCH_CONDITION,
    731            "MATCH_RECOGNIZE": TokenType.MATCH_RECOGNIZE,
    732            "MINUS": TokenType.EXCEPT,
    733            "NCHAR VARYING": TokenType.VARCHAR,
    734            "PUT": TokenType.COMMAND,
    735            "REMOVE": TokenType.COMMAND,
    736            "RM": TokenType.COMMAND,
    737            "SAMPLE": TokenType.TABLE_SAMPLE,
    738            "SQL_DOUBLE": TokenType.DOUBLE,
    739            "SQL_VARCHAR": TokenType.VARCHAR,
    740            "STORAGE INTEGRATION": TokenType.STORAGE_INTEGRATION,
    741            "TAG": TokenType.TAG,
    742            "TIMESTAMP_TZ": TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ,
    743            "TOP": TokenType.TOP,
    744        }
    745
    746        SINGLE_TOKENS = {
    747            **tokens.Tokenizer.SINGLE_TOKENS,
    748            "$": TokenType.PARAMETER,
    749        }
    750
    751        VAR_SINGLE_TOKENS = {"$"}
    752
    753        COMMANDS = tokens.Tokenizer.COMMANDS - {TokenType.SHOW}

STRING_ESCAPES = ['\\', "'"]
HEX_STRINGS = [("x'", "'"), ("X'", "'")]
RAW_STRINGS = ['$$']
COMMENTS = ['--', '//', ('/*', '*/')]
KEYWORDS = {'{%': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '{%+': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '{%-': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '+%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '-%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '{{+': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '{{-': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '+}}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '-}}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '/*+': <TokenType.HINT: 'HINT'>, '==': <TokenType.EQ: 'EQ'>, '::': <TokenType.DCOLON: 'DCOLON'>, '||': <TokenType.DPIPE: 'DPIPE'>, '>=': <TokenType.GTE: 'GTE'>, '<=': <TokenType.LTE: 'LTE'>, '<>': <TokenType.NEQ: 'NEQ'>, '!=': <TokenType.NEQ: 'NEQ'>, ':=': <TokenType.COLON_EQ: 'COLON_EQ'>, '<=>': <TokenType.NULLSAFE_EQ: 'NULLSAFE_EQ'>, '->': <TokenType.ARROW: 'ARROW'>, '->>': <TokenType.DARROW: 'DARROW'>, '=>': <TokenType.FARROW: 'FARROW'>, '#>': <TokenType.HASH_ARROW: 'HASH_ARROW'>, '#>>': <TokenType.DHASH_ARROW: 'DHASH_ARROW'>, '<->': <TokenType.LR_ARROW: 'LR_ARROW'>, '&&': <TokenType.DAMP: 'DAMP'>, '??': <TokenType.DQMARK: 'DQMARK'>, 'ALL': <TokenType.ALL: 'ALL'>, 'ALWAYS': <TokenType.ALWAYS: 'ALWAYS'>, 'AND': <TokenType.AND: 'AND'>, 'ANTI': <TokenType.ANTI: 'ANTI'>, 'ANY': <TokenType.ANY: 'ANY'>, 'ASC': <TokenType.ASC: 'ASC'>, 'AS': <TokenType.ALIAS: 'ALIAS'>, 'ASOF': <TokenType.ASOF: 'ASOF'>, 'AUTOINCREMENT': <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 'AUTO_INCREMENT'>, 'AUTO_INCREMENT': <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 'AUTO_INCREMENT'>, 'BEGIN': <TokenType.BEGIN: 'BEGIN'>, 'BETWEEN': <TokenType.BETWEEN: 'BETWEEN'>, 'CACHE': <TokenType.CACHE: 'CACHE'>, 'UNCACHE': <TokenType.UNCACHE: 'UNCACHE'>, 'CASE': <TokenType.CASE: 'CASE'>, 'CHARACTER SET': <TokenType.CHARACTER_SET: 'CHARACTER_SET'>, 'CLUSTER BY': <TokenType.CLUSTER_BY: 'CLUSTER_BY'>, 'COLLATE': <TokenType.COLLATE: 'COLLATE'>, 'COLUMN': <TokenType.COLUMN: 'COLUMN'>, 'COMMIT': <TokenType.COMMIT: 'COMMIT'>, 'CONNECT BY': <TokenType.CONNECT_BY: 'CONNECT_BY'>, 'CONSTRAINT': <TokenType.CONSTRAINT: 'CONSTRAINT'>, 'COPY': <TokenType.COPY: 'COPY'>, 'CREATE': <TokenType.CREATE: 'CREATE'>, 'CROSS': <TokenType.CROSS: 'CROSS'>, 'CUBE': <TokenType.CUBE: 'CUBE'>, 'CURRENT_DATE': <TokenType.CURRENT_DATE: 'CURRENT_DATE'>, 'CURRENT_TIME': <TokenType.CURRENT_TIME: 'CURRENT_TIME'>, 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP': <TokenType.CURRENT_TIMESTAMP: 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP'>, 'CURRENT_USER': <TokenType.CURRENT_USER: 'CURRENT_USER'>, 'DATABASE': <TokenType.DATABASE: 'DATABASE'>, 'DEFAULT': <TokenType.DEFAULT: 'DEFAULT'>, 'DELETE': <TokenType.DELETE: 'DELETE'>, 'DESC': <TokenType.DESC: 'DESC'>, 'DESCRIBE': <TokenType.DESCRIBE: 'DESCRIBE'>, 'DISTINCT': <TokenType.DISTINCT: 'DISTINCT'>, 'DISTRIBUTE BY': <TokenType.DISTRIBUTE_BY: 'DISTRIBUTE_BY'>, 'DIV': <TokenType.DIV: 'DIV'>, 'DROP': <TokenType.DROP: 'DROP'>, 'ELSE': <TokenType.ELSE: 'ELSE'>, 'END': <TokenType.END: 'END'>, 'ENUM': <TokenType.ENUM: 'ENUM'>, 'ESCAPE': <TokenType.ESCAPE: 'ESCAPE'>, 'EXCEPT': <TokenType.EXCEPT: 'EXCEPT'>, 'EXECUTE': <TokenType.EXECUTE: 'EXECUTE'>, 'EXISTS': <TokenType.EXISTS: 'EXISTS'>, 'FALSE': <TokenType.FALSE: 'FALSE'>, 'FETCH': <TokenType.FETCH: 'FETCH'>, 'FILTER': <TokenType.FILTER: 'FILTER'>, 'FIRST': <TokenType.FIRST: 'FIRST'>, 'FULL': <TokenType.FULL: 'FULL'>, 'FUNCTION': <TokenType.FUNCTION: 'FUNCTION'>, 'FOR': <TokenType.FOR: 'FOR'>, 'FOREIGN KEY': <TokenType.FOREIGN_KEY: 'FOREIGN_KEY'>, 'FORMAT': <TokenType.FORMAT: 'FORMAT'>, 'FROM': <TokenType.FROM: 'FROM'>, 'GEOGRAPHY': <TokenType.GEOGRAPHY: 'GEOGRAPHY'>, 'GEOMETRY': <TokenType.GEOMETRY: 'GEOMETRY'>, 'GLOB': <TokenType.GLOB: 'GLOB'>, 'GROUP BY': <TokenType.GROUP_BY: 'GROUP_BY'>, 'GROUPING SETS': <TokenType.GROUPING_SETS: 'GROUPING_SETS'>, 'HAVING': <TokenType.HAVING: 'HAVING'>, 'ILIKE': <TokenType.ILIKE: 'ILIKE'>, 'IN': <TokenType.IN: 'IN'>, 'INDEX': <TokenType.INDEX: 'INDEX'>, 'INET': <TokenType.INET: 'INET'>, 'INNER': <TokenType.INNER: 'INNER'>, 'INSERT': <TokenType.INSERT: 'INSERT'>, 'INTERVAL': <TokenType.INTERVAL: 'INTERVAL'>, 'INTERSECT': <TokenType.INTERSECT: 'INTERSECT'>, 'INTO': <TokenType.INTO: 'INTO'>, 'IS': <TokenType.IS: 'IS'>, 'ISNULL': <TokenType.ISNULL: 'ISNULL'>, 'JOIN': <TokenType.JOIN: 'JOIN'>, 'KEEP': <TokenType.KEEP: 'KEEP'>, 'KILL': <TokenType.KILL: 'KILL'>, 'LATERAL': <TokenType.LATERAL: 'LATERAL'>, 'LEFT': <TokenType.LEFT: 'LEFT'>, 'LIKE': <TokenType.LIKE: 'LIKE'>, 'LIMIT': <TokenType.LIMIT: 'LIMIT'>, 'LOAD': <TokenType.LOAD: 'LOAD'>, 'LOCK': <TokenType.LOCK: 'LOCK'>, 'MERGE': <TokenType.MERGE: 'MERGE'>, 'NATURAL': <TokenType.NATURAL: 'NATURAL'>, 'NEXT': <TokenType.NEXT: 'NEXT'>, 'NOT': <TokenType.NOT: 'NOT'>, 'NOTNULL': <TokenType.NOTNULL: 'NOTNULL'>, 'NULL': <TokenType.NULL: 'NULL'>, 'OBJECT': <TokenType.OBJECT: 'OBJECT'>, 'OFFSET': <TokenType.OFFSET: 'OFFSET'>, 'ON': <TokenType.ON: 'ON'>, 'OR': <TokenType.OR: 'OR'>, 'XOR': <TokenType.XOR: 'XOR'>, 'ORDER BY': <TokenType.ORDER_BY: 'ORDER_BY'>, 'ORDINALITY': <TokenType.ORDINALITY: 'ORDINALITY'>, 'OUTER': <TokenType.OUTER: 'OUTER'>, 'OVER': <TokenType.OVER: 'OVER'>, 'OVERLAPS': <TokenType.OVERLAPS: 'OVERLAPS'>, 'OVERWRITE': <TokenType.OVERWRITE: 'OVERWRITE'>, 'PARTITION': <TokenType.PARTITION: 'PARTITION'>, 'PARTITION BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 'PARTITION_BY'>, 'PARTITIONED BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 'PARTITION_BY'>, 'PARTITIONED_BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 'PARTITION_BY'>, 'PERCENT': <TokenType.PERCENT: 'PERCENT'>, 'PIVOT': <TokenType.PIVOT: 'PIVOT'>, 'PRAGMA': <TokenType.PRAGMA: 'PRAGMA'>, 'PRIMARY KEY': <TokenType.PRIMARY_KEY: 'PRIMARY_KEY'>, 'PROCEDURE': <TokenType.PROCEDURE: 'PROCEDURE'>, 'QUALIFY': <TokenType.QUALIFY: 'QUALIFY'>, 'RANGE': <TokenType.RANGE: 'RANGE'>, 'RECURSIVE': <TokenType.RECURSIVE: 'RECURSIVE'>, 'REGEXP': <TokenType.RLIKE: 'RLIKE'>, 'REPLACE': <TokenType.REPLACE: 'REPLACE'>, 'RETURNING': <TokenType.RETURNING: 'RETURNING'>, 'REFERENCES': <TokenType.REFERENCES: 'REFERENCES'>, 'RIGHT': <TokenType.RIGHT: 'RIGHT'>, 'RLIKE': <TokenType.RLIKE: 'RLIKE'>, 'ROLLBACK': <TokenType.ROLLBACK: 'ROLLBACK'>, 'ROLLUP': <TokenType.ROLLUP: 'ROLLUP'>, 'ROW': <TokenType.ROW: 'ROW'>, 'ROWS': <TokenType.ROWS: 'ROWS'>, 'SCHEMA': <TokenType.SCHEMA: 'SCHEMA'>, 'SELECT': <TokenType.SELECT: 'SELECT'>, 'SEMI': <TokenType.SEMI: 'SEMI'>, 'SET': <TokenType.SET: 'SET'>, 'SETTINGS': <TokenType.SETTINGS: 'SETTINGS'>, 'SHOW': <TokenType.SHOW: 'SHOW'>, 'SIMILAR TO': <TokenType.SIMILAR_TO: 'SIMILAR_TO'>, 'SOME': <TokenType.SOME: 'SOME'>, 'SORT BY': <TokenType.SORT_BY: 'SORT_BY'>, 'START WITH': <TokenType.START_WITH: 'START_WITH'>, 'TABLE': <TokenType.TABLE: 'TABLE'>, 'TABLESAMPLE': <TokenType.TABLE_SAMPLE: 'TABLE_SAMPLE'>, 'TEMP': <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 'TEMPORARY'>, 'TEMPORARY': <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 'TEMPORARY'>, 'THEN': <TokenType.THEN: 'THEN'>, 'TRUE': <TokenType.TRUE: 'TRUE'>, 'TRUNCATE': <TokenType.TRUNCATE: 'TRUNCATE'>, 'UNION': <TokenType.UNION: 'UNION'>, 'UNKNOWN': <TokenType.UNKNOWN: 'UNKNOWN'>, 'UNNEST': <TokenType.UNNEST: 'UNNEST'>, 'UNPIVOT': <TokenType.UNPIVOT: 'UNPIVOT'>, 'UPDATE': <TokenType.UPDATE: 'UPDATE'>, 'USE': <TokenType.USE: 'USE'>, 'USING': <TokenType.USING: 'USING'>, 'UUID': <TokenType.UUID: 'UUID'>, 'VALUES': <TokenType.VALUES: 'VALUES'>, 'VIEW': <TokenType.VIEW: 'VIEW'>, 'VOLATILE': <TokenType.VOLATILE: 'VOLATILE'>, 'WHEN': <TokenType.WHEN: 'WHEN'>, 'WHERE': <TokenType.WHERE: 'WHERE'>, 'WINDOW': <TokenType.WINDOW: 'WINDOW'>, 'WITH': <TokenType.WITH: 'WITH'>, 'APPLY': <TokenType.APPLY: 'APPLY'>, 'ARRAY': <TokenType.ARRAY: 'ARRAY'>, 'BIT': <TokenType.BIT: 'BIT'>, 'BOOL': <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>, 'BOOLEAN': <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>, 'BYTE': <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, 'MEDIUMINT': <TokenType.MEDIUMINT: 'MEDIUMINT'>, 'INT1': <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, 'TINYINT': <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, 'INT16': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, 'SHORT': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, 'SMALLINT': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, 'INT128': <TokenType.INT128: 'INT128'>, 'HUGEINT': <TokenType.INT128: 'INT128'>, 'INT2': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, 'INTEGER': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'INT': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'INT4': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'INT32': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'INT64': <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, 'LONG': <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, 'BIGINT': <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, 'INT8': <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, 'UINT': <TokenType.UINT: 'UINT'>, 'DEC': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'DECIMAL': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'BIGDECIMAL': <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>, 'BIGNUMERIC': <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>, 'MAP': <TokenType.MAP: 'MAP'>, 'NULLABLE': <TokenType.NULLABLE: 'NULLABLE'>, 'NUMBER': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'NUMERIC': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'FIXED': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'REAL': <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, 'FLOAT': <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, 'FLOAT4': <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, 'FLOAT8': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, 'DOUBLE': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, 'DOUBLE PRECISION': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, 'JSON': <TokenType.JSON: 'JSON'>, 'CHAR': <TokenType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, 'CHARACTER': <TokenType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, 'NCHAR': <TokenType.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>, 'VARCHAR': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, 'VARCHAR2': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, 'NVARCHAR': <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, 'NVARCHAR2': <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, 'BPCHAR': <TokenType.BPCHAR: 'BPCHAR'>, 'STR': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'STRING': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'TEXT': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'LONGTEXT': <TokenType.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>, 'MEDIUMTEXT': <TokenType.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>, 'TINYTEXT': <TokenType.TINYTEXT: 'TINYTEXT'>, 'CLOB': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'LONGVARCHAR': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'BINARY': <TokenType.BINARY: 'BINARY'>, 'BLOB': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, 'LONGBLOB': <TokenType.LONGBLOB: 'LONGBLOB'>, 'MEDIUMBLOB': <TokenType.MEDIUMBLOB: 'MEDIUMBLOB'>, 'TINYBLOB': <TokenType.TINYBLOB: 'TINYBLOB'>, 'BYTEA': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, 'VARBINARY': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, 'TIME': <TokenType.TIME: 'TIME'>, 'TIMETZ': <TokenType.TIMETZ: 'TIMETZ'>, 'TIMESTAMP': <TokenType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>, 'TIMESTAMPTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>, 'TIMESTAMPLTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>, 'TIMESTAMP_LTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>, 'TIMESTAMPNTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPNTZ: 'TIMESTAMPNTZ'>, 'TIMESTAMP_NTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPNTZ: 'TIMESTAMPNTZ'>, 'DATE': <TokenType.DATE: 'DATE'>, 'DATETIME': <TokenType.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>, 'INT4RANGE': <TokenType.INT4RANGE: 'INT4RANGE'>, 'INT4MULTIRANGE': <TokenType.INT4MULTIRANGE: 'INT4MULTIRANGE'>, 'INT8RANGE': <TokenType.INT8RANGE: 'INT8RANGE'>, 'INT8MULTIRANGE': <TokenType.INT8MULTIRANGE: 'INT8MULTIRANGE'>, 'NUMRANGE': <TokenType.NUMRANGE: 'NUMRANGE'>, 'NUMMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.NUMMULTIRANGE: 'NUMMULTIRANGE'>, 'TSRANGE': <TokenType.TSRANGE: 'TSRANGE'>, 'TSMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.TSMULTIRANGE: 'TSMULTIRANGE'>, 'TSTZRANGE': <TokenType.TSTZRANGE: 'TSTZRANGE'>, 'TSTZMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.TSTZMULTIRANGE: 'TSTZMULTIRANGE'>, 'DATERANGE': <TokenType.DATERANGE: 'DATERANGE'>, 'DATEMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.DATEMULTIRANGE: 'DATEMULTIRANGE'>, 'UNIQUE': <TokenType.UNIQUE: 'UNIQUE'>, 'STRUCT': <TokenType.STRUCT: 'STRUCT'>, 'SEQUENCE': <TokenType.SEQUENCE: 'SEQUENCE'>, 'VARIANT': <TokenType.VARIANT: 'VARIANT'>, 'ALTER': <TokenType.ALTER: 'ALTER'>, 'ANALYZE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'CALL': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'COMMENT': <TokenType.COMMENT: 'COMMENT'>, 'EXPLAIN': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'GRANT': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'OPTIMIZE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'PREPARE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'VACUUM': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'USER-DEFINED': <TokenType.USERDEFINED: 'USERDEFINED'>, 'FOR VERSION': <TokenType.VERSION_SNAPSHOT: 'VERSION_SNAPSHOT'>, 'FOR TIMESTAMP': <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_SNAPSHOT: 'TIMESTAMP_SNAPSHOT'>, 'BYTEINT': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'CHAR VARYING': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, 'CHARACTER VARYING': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, 'EXCLUDE': <TokenType.EXCEPT: 'EXCEPT'>, 'ILIKE ANY': <TokenType.ILIKE_ANY: 'ILIKE_ANY'>, 'LIKE ANY': <TokenType.LIKE_ANY: 'LIKE_ANY'>, 'MATCH_CONDITION': <TokenType.MATCH_CONDITION: 'MATCH_CONDITION'>, 'MATCH_RECOGNIZE': <TokenType.MATCH_RECOGNIZE: 'MATCH_RECOGNIZE'>, 'MINUS': <TokenType.EXCEPT: 'EXCEPT'>, 'NCHAR VARYING': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, 'PUT': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'REMOVE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'RM': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'SAMPLE': <TokenType.TABLE_SAMPLE: 'TABLE_SAMPLE'>, 'SQL_DOUBLE': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, 'SQL_VARCHAR': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, 'STORAGE INTEGRATION': <TokenType.STORAGE_INTEGRATION: 'STORAGE_INTEGRATION'>, 'TAG': <TokenType.TAG: 'TAG'>, 'TIMESTAMP_TZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>, 'TOP': <TokenType.TOP: 'TOP'>}
SINGLE_TOKENS = {'(': <TokenType.L_PAREN: 'L_PAREN'>, ')': <TokenType.R_PAREN: 'R_PAREN'>, '[': <TokenType.L_BRACKET: 'L_BRACKET'>, ']': <TokenType.R_BRACKET: 'R_BRACKET'>, '{': <TokenType.L_BRACE: 'L_BRACE'>, '}': <TokenType.R_BRACE: 'R_BRACE'>, '&': <TokenType.AMP: 'AMP'>, '^': <TokenType.CARET: 'CARET'>, ':': <TokenType.COLON: 'COLON'>, ',': <TokenType.COMMA: 'COMMA'>, '.': <TokenType.DOT: 'DOT'>, '-': <TokenType.DASH: 'DASH'>, '=': <TokenType.EQ: 'EQ'>, '>': <TokenType.GT: 'GT'>, '<': <TokenType.LT: 'LT'>, '%': <TokenType.MOD: 'MOD'>, '!': <TokenType.NOT: 'NOT'>, '|': <TokenType.PIPE: 'PIPE'>, '+': <TokenType.PLUS: 'PLUS'>, ';': <TokenType.SEMICOLON: 'SEMICOLON'>, '/': <TokenType.SLASH: 'SLASH'>, '\\': <TokenType.BACKSLASH: 'BACKSLASH'>, '*': <TokenType.STAR: 'STAR'>, '~': <TokenType.TILDA: 'TILDA'>, '?': <TokenType.PLACEHOLDER: 'PLACEHOLDER'>, '@': <TokenType.PARAMETER: 'PARAMETER'>, '#': <TokenType.HASH: 'HASH'>, "'": <TokenType.UNKNOWN: 'UNKNOWN'>, '`': <TokenType.UNKNOWN: 'UNKNOWN'>, '"': <TokenType.UNKNOWN: 'UNKNOWN'>, '$': <TokenType.PARAMETER: 'PARAMETER'>}
VAR_SINGLE_TOKENS = {'$'}
COMMANDS = {<TokenType.EXECUTE: 'EXECUTE'>, <TokenType.FETCH: 'FETCH'>, <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>}

##### Inherited Members

sqlglot.tokens.Tokenizer
  Tokenizer
  BIT_STRINGS
  BYTE_STRINGS
  HEREDOC_STRINGS
  UNICODE_STRINGS
  IDENTIFIERS
  IDENTIFIER_ESCAPES
  QUOTES
  HEREDOC_TAG_IS_IDENTIFIER
  HEREDOC_STRING_ALTERNATIVE
  WHITE_SPACE
  COMMAND_PREFIX_TOKENS
  NUMERIC_LITERALS
  dialect
  reset
  tokenize
  tokenize_rs
  size
  sql
  tokens

class Snowflake.Generator(sqlglot.generator.Generator): View Source

     755    class Generator(generator.Generator):
     756        PARAMETER_TOKEN = "$"
     757        MATCHED_BY_SOURCE = False
     758        SINGLE_STRING_INTERVAL = True
     759        JOIN_HINTS = False
     760        TABLE_HINTS = False
     761        QUERY_HINTS = False
     762        AGGREGATE_FILTER_SUPPORTED = False
     763        SUPPORTS_TABLE_COPY = False
     764        COLLATE_IS_FUNC = True
     765        LIMIT_ONLY_LITERALS = True
     766        JSON_KEY_VALUE_PAIR_SEP = ","
     767        INSERT_OVERWRITE = " OVERWRITE INTO"
     768        STRUCT_DELIMITER = ("(", ")")
     769        COPY_PARAMS_ARE_WRAPPED = False
     770        COPY_PARAMS_EQ_REQUIRED = True
     771        STAR_EXCEPT = "EXCLUDE"
     772
     773        TRANSFORMS = {
     774            **generator.Generator.TRANSFORMS,
     775            exp.ApproxDistinct: rename_func("APPROX_COUNT_DISTINCT"),
     776            exp.ArgMax: rename_func("MAX_BY"),
     777            exp.ArgMin: rename_func("MIN_BY"),
     778            exp.Array: inline_array_sql,
     779            exp.ArrayConcat: rename_func("ARRAY_CAT"),
     780            exp.ArrayContains: lambda self, e: self.func("ARRAY_CONTAINS", e.expression, e.this),
     781            exp.AtTimeZone: lambda self, e: self.func(
     782                "CONVERT_TIMEZONE", e.args.get("zone"), e.this
     783            ),
     784            exp.BitwiseXor: rename_func("BITXOR"),
     785            exp.Create: transforms.preprocess([_flatten_structured_types_unless_iceberg]),
     786            exp.DateAdd: date_delta_sql("DATEADD"),
     787            exp.DateDiff: date_delta_sql("DATEDIFF"),
     788            exp.DateStrToDate: datestrtodate_sql,
     789            exp.DayOfMonth: rename_func("DAYOFMONTH"),
     790            exp.DayOfWeek: rename_func("DAYOFWEEK"),
     791            exp.DayOfYear: rename_func("DAYOFYEAR"),
     792            exp.Explode: rename_func("FLATTEN"),
     793            exp.Extract: rename_func("DATE_PART"),
     794            exp.FromTimeZone: lambda self, e: self.func(
     795                "CONVERT_TIMEZONE", e.args.get("zone"), "'UTC'", e.this
     796            ),
     797            exp.GenerateSeries: lambda self, e: self.func(
     798                "ARRAY_GENERATE_RANGE", e.args["start"], e.args["end"] + 1, e.args.get("step")
     799            ),
     800            exp.GroupConcat: rename_func("LISTAGG"),
     801            exp.If: if_sql(name="IFF", false_value="NULL"),
     802            exp.JSONExtract: lambda self, e: self.func("GET_PATH", e.this, e.expression),
     803            exp.JSONExtractScalar: lambda self, e: self.func(
     804                "JSON_EXTRACT_PATH_TEXT", e.this, e.expression
     805            ),
     806            exp.JSONObject: lambda self, e: self.func("OBJECT_CONSTRUCT_KEEP_NULL", *e.expressions),
     807            exp.JSONPathRoot: lambda *_: "",
     808            exp.LogicalAnd: rename_func("BOOLAND_AGG"),
     809            exp.LogicalOr: rename_func("BOOLOR_AGG"),
     810            exp.Map: lambda self, e: var_map_sql(self, e, "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT"),
     811            exp.Max: max_or_greatest,
     812            exp.Min: min_or_least,
     813            exp.PartitionedByProperty: lambda self, e: f"PARTITION BY {self.sql(e, 'this')}",
     814            exp.PercentileCont: transforms.preprocess(
     815                [transforms.add_within_group_for_percentiles]
     816            ),
     817            exp.PercentileDisc: transforms.preprocess(
     818                [transforms.add_within_group_for_percentiles]
     819            ),
     820            exp.Pivot: transforms.preprocess([_unqualify_unpivot_columns]),
     821            exp.RegexpILike: _regexpilike_sql,
     822            exp.Rand: rename_func("RANDOM"),
     823            exp.Select: transforms.preprocess(
     824                [
     825                    transforms.eliminate_distinct_on,
     826                    transforms.explode_to_unnest(),
     827                    transforms.eliminate_semi_and_anti_joins,
     828                ]
     829            ),
     830            exp.SHA: rename_func("SHA1"),
     831            exp.StarMap: rename_func("OBJECT_CONSTRUCT"),
     832            exp.StartsWith: rename_func("STARTSWITH"),
     833            exp.StrPosition: lambda self, e: self.func(
     834                "POSITION", e.args.get("substr"), e.this, e.args.get("position")
     835            ),
     836            exp.StrToTime: lambda self, e: self.func("TO_TIMESTAMP", e.this, self.format_time(e)),
     837            exp.Stuff: rename_func("INSERT"),
     838            exp.TimeAdd: date_delta_sql("TIMEADD"),
     839            exp.TimestampDiff: lambda self, e: self.func(
     840                "TIMESTAMPDIFF", e.unit, e.expression, e.this
     841            ),
     842            exp.TimestampTrunc: timestamptrunc_sql(),
     843            exp.TimeStrToTime: timestrtotime_sql,
     844            exp.TimeToStr: lambda self, e: self.func(
     845                "TO_CHAR", exp.cast(e.this, exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP), self.format_time(e)
     846            ),
     847            exp.TimeToUnix: lambda self, e: f"EXTRACT(epoch_second FROM {self.sql(e, 'this')})",
     848            exp.ToArray: rename_func("TO_ARRAY"),
     849            exp.ToChar: lambda self, e: self.function_fallback_sql(e),
     850            exp.Trim: lambda self, e: self.func("TRIM", e.this, e.expression),
     851            exp.TsOrDsAdd: date_delta_sql("DATEADD", cast=True),
     852            exp.TsOrDsDiff: date_delta_sql("DATEDIFF"),
     853            exp.TsOrDsToDate: lambda self, e: self.func(
     854                "TRY_TO_DATE" if e.args.get("safe") else "TO_DATE", e.this, self.format_time(e)
     855            ),
     856            exp.UnixToTime: rename_func("TO_TIMESTAMP"),
     857            exp.VarMap: lambda self, e: var_map_sql(self, e, "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT"),
     858            exp.WeekOfYear: rename_func("WEEKOFYEAR"),
     859            exp.Xor: rename_func("BOOLXOR"),
     860        }
     861
     862        SUPPORTED_JSON_PATH_PARTS = {
     863            exp.JSONPathKey,
     864            exp.JSONPathRoot,
     865            exp.JSONPathSubscript,
     866        }
     867
     868        TYPE_MAPPING = {
     869            **generator.Generator.TYPE_MAPPING,
     870            exp.DataType.Type.NESTED: "OBJECT",
     871            exp.DataType.Type.STRUCT: "OBJECT",
     872        }
     873
     874        PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {
     875            **generator.Generator.PROPERTIES_LOCATION,
     876            exp.SetProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
     877            exp.VolatileProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
     878        }
     879
     880        UNSUPPORTED_VALUES_EXPRESSIONS = {
     881            exp.Map,
     882            exp.StarMap,
     883            exp.Struct,
     884            exp.VarMap,
     885        }
     886
     887        def with_properties(self, properties: exp.Properties) -> str:
     888            return self.properties(properties, wrapped=False, prefix=self.sep(""), sep=" ")
     889
     890        def values_sql(self, expression: exp.Values, values_as_table: bool = True) -> str:
     891            if expression.find(*self.UNSUPPORTED_VALUES_EXPRESSIONS):
     892                values_as_table = False
     893
     894            return super().values_sql(expression, values_as_table=values_as_table)
     895
     896        def datatype_sql(self, expression: exp.DataType) -> str:
     897            expressions = expression.expressions
     898            if (
     899                expressions
     900                and expression.is_type(*exp.DataType.STRUCT_TYPES)
     901                and any(isinstance(field_type, exp.DataType) for field_type in expressions)
     902            ):
     903                # The correct syntax is OBJECT [ (<key> <value_type [NOT NULL] [, ...]) ]
     904                return "OBJECT"
     905
     906            return super().datatype_sql(expression)
     907
     908        def tonumber_sql(self, expression: exp.ToNumber) -> str:
     909            return self.func(
     910                "TO_NUMBER",
     911                expression.this,
     912                expression.args.get("format"),
     913                expression.args.get("precision"),
     914                expression.args.get("scale"),
     915            )
     916
     917        def timestampfromparts_sql(self, expression: exp.TimestampFromParts) -> str:
     918            milli = expression.args.get("milli")
     919            if milli is not None:
     920                milli_to_nano = milli.pop() * exp.Literal.number(1000000)
     921                expression.set("nano", milli_to_nano)
     922
     923            return rename_func("TIMESTAMP_FROM_PARTS")(self, expression)
     924
     925        def trycast_sql(self, expression: exp.TryCast) -> str:
     926            value = expression.this
     927
     928            if value.type is None:
     929                from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
     930
     931                value = annotate_types(value)
     932
     933            if value.is_type(*exp.DataType.TEXT_TYPES, exp.DataType.Type.UNKNOWN):
     934                return super().trycast_sql(expression)
     935
     936            # TRY_CAST only works for string values in Snowflake
     937            return self.cast_sql(expression)
     938
     939        def log_sql(self, expression: exp.Log) -> str:
     940            if not expression.expression:
     941                return self.func("LN", expression.this)
     942
     943            return super().log_sql(expression)
     944
     945        def unnest_sql(self, expression: exp.Unnest) -> str:
     946            unnest_alias = expression.args.get("alias")
     947            offset = expression.args.get("offset")
     948
     949            columns = [
     950                exp.to_identifier("seq"),
     951                exp.to_identifier("key"),
     952                exp.to_identifier("path"),
     953                offset.pop() if isinstance(offset, exp.Expression) else exp.to_identifier("index"),
     954                seq_get(unnest_alias.columns if unnest_alias else [], 0)
     955                or exp.to_identifier("value"),
     956                exp.to_identifier("this"),
     957            ]
     958
     959            if unnest_alias:
     960                unnest_alias.set("columns", columns)
     961            else:
     962                unnest_alias = exp.TableAlias(this="_u", columns=columns)
     963
     964            explode = f"TABLE(FLATTEN(INPUT => {self.sql(expression.expressions[0])}))"
     965            alias = self.sql(unnest_alias)
     966            alias = f" AS {alias}" if alias else ""
     967            return f"{explode}{alias}"
     968
     969        def show_sql(self, expression: exp.Show) -> str:
     970            terse = "TERSE " if expression.args.get("terse") else ""
     971            history = " HISTORY" if expression.args.get("history") else ""
     972            like = self.sql(expression, "like")
     973            like = f" LIKE {like}" if like else ""
     974
     975            scope = self.sql(expression, "scope")
     976            scope = f" {scope}" if scope else ""
     977
     978            scope_kind = self.sql(expression, "scope_kind")
     979            if scope_kind:
     980                scope_kind = f" IN {scope_kind}"
     981
     982            starts_with = self.sql(expression, "starts_with")
     983            if starts_with:
     984                starts_with = f" STARTS WITH {starts_with}"
     985
     986            limit = self.sql(expression, "limit")
     987
     988            from_ = self.sql(expression, "from")
     989            if from_:
     990                from_ = f" FROM {from_}"
     991
     992            return f"SHOW {terse}{expression.name}{history}{like}{scope_kind}{scope}{starts_with}{limit}{from_}"
     993
     994        def regexpextract_sql(self, expression: exp.RegexpExtract) -> str:
     995            # Other dialects don't support all of the following parameters, so we need to
     996            # generate default values as necessary to ensure the transpilation is correct
     997            group = expression.args.get("group")
     998            parameters = expression.args.get("parameters") or (group and exp.Literal.string("c"))
     999            occurrence = expression.args.get("occurrence") or (parameters and exp.Literal.number(1))
    1000            position = expression.args.get("position") or (occurrence and exp.Literal.number(1))
    1001
    1002            return self.func(
    1003                "REGEXP_SUBSTR",
    1004                expression.this,
    1005                expression.expression,
    1006                position,
    1007                occurrence,
    1008                parameters,
    1009                group,
    1010            )
    1011
    1012        def except_op(self, expression: exp.Except) -> str:
    1013            if not expression.args.get("distinct"):
    1014                self.unsupported("EXCEPT with All is not supported in Snowflake")
    1015            return super().except_op(expression)
    1016
    1017        def intersect_op(self, expression: exp.Intersect) -> str:
    1018            if not expression.args.get("distinct"):
    1019                self.unsupported("INTERSECT with All is not supported in Snowflake")
    1020            return super().intersect_op(expression)
    1021
    1022        def describe_sql(self, expression: exp.Describe) -> str:
    1023            # Default to table if kind is unknown
    1024            kind_value = expression.args.get("kind") or "TABLE"
    1025            kind = f" {kind_value}" if kind_value else ""
    1026            this = f" {self.sql(expression, 'this')}"
    1027            expressions = self.expressions(expression, flat=True)
    1028            expressions = f" {expressions}" if expressions else ""
    1029            return f"DESCRIBE{kind}{this}{expressions}"
    1030
    1031        def generatedasidentitycolumnconstraint_sql(
    1032            self, expression: exp.GeneratedAsIdentityColumnConstraint
    1033        ) -> str:
    1034            start = expression.args.get("start")
    1035            start = f" START {start}" if start else ""
    1036            increment = expression.args.get("increment")
    1037            increment = f" INCREMENT {increment}" if increment else ""
    1038            return f"AUTOINCREMENT{start}{increment}"
    1039
    1040        def swaptable_sql(self, expression: exp.SwapTable) -> str:
    1041            this = self.sql(expression, "this")
    1042            return f"SWAP WITH {this}"
    1043
    1044        def cluster_sql(self, expression: exp.Cluster) -> str:
    1045            return f"CLUSTER BY ({self.expressions(expression, flat=True)})"
    1046
    1047        def struct_sql(self, expression: exp.Struct) -> str:
    1048            keys = []
    1049            values = []
    1050
    1051            for i, e in enumerate(expression.expressions):
    1052                if isinstance(e, exp.PropertyEQ):
    1053                    keys.append(
    1054                        exp.Literal.string(e.name) if isinstance(e.this, exp.Identifier) else e.this
    1055                    )
    1056                    values.append(e.expression)
    1057                else:
    1058                    keys.append(exp.Literal.string(f"_{i}"))
    1059                    values.append(e)
    1060
    1061            return self.func("OBJECT_CONSTRUCT", *flatten(zip(keys, values)))
    1062
    1063        def approxquantile_sql(self, expression: exp.ApproxQuantile) -> str:
    1064            if expression.args.get("weight") or expression.args.get("accuracy"):
    1065                self.unsupported(
    1066                    "APPROX_PERCENTILE with weight and/or accuracy arguments are not supported in Snowflake"
    1067                )
    1068
    1069            return self.func("APPROX_PERCENTILE", expression.this, expression.args.get("quantile"))
    1070
    1071        def alterset_sql(self, expression: exp.AlterSet) -> str:
    1072            exprs = self.expressions(expression, flat=True)
    1073            exprs = f" {exprs}" if exprs else ""
    1074            file_format = self.expressions(expression, key="file_format", flat=True, sep=" ")
    1075            file_format = f" STAGE_FILE_FORMAT = ({file_format})" if file_format else ""
    1076            copy_options = self.expressions(expression, key="copy_options", flat=True, sep=" ")
    1077            copy_options = f" STAGE_COPY_OPTIONS = ({copy_options})" if copy_options else ""
    1078            tag = self.expressions(expression, key="tag", flat=True)
    1079            tag = f" TAG {tag}" if tag else ""
    1080
    1081            return f"SET{exprs}{file_format}{copy_options}{tag}"

Generator converts a given syntax tree to the corresponding SQL string.

###### Arguments:

- pretty: Whether to format the produced SQL string. Default: False.
- identify: Determines when an identifier should be quoted. Possible values are: False (default): Never quote, except in cases where it's mandatory by the dialect. True or 'always': Always quote. 'safe': Only quote identifiers that are case insensitive.
- normalize: Whether to normalize identifiers to lowercase. Default: False.
- pad: The pad size in a formatted string. For example, this affects the indentation of a projection in a query, relative to its nesting level. Default: 2.
- indent: The indentation size in a formatted string. For example, this affects the indentation of subqueries and filters under a `WHERE` clause. Default: 2.
- normalize_functions: How to normalize function names. Possible values are: "upper" or True (default): Convert names to uppercase. "lower": Convert names to lowercase. False: Disables function name normalization.
- unsupported_level: Determines the generator's behavior when it encounters unsupported expressions. Default ErrorLevel.WARN.
- max_unsupported: Maximum number of unsupported messages to include in a raised UnsupportedError. This is only relevant if unsupported_level is ErrorLevel.RAISE. Default: 3
- leading_comma: Whether the comma is leading or trailing in select expressions. This is only relevant when generating in pretty mode. Default: False
- max_text_width: The max number of characters in a segment before creating new lines in pretty mode. The default is on the smaller end because the length only represents a segment and not the true line length. Default: 80
- comments: Whether to preserve comments in the output SQL code. Default: True

PARAMETER_TOKEN = '$'
MATCHED_BY_SOURCE = False
SINGLE_STRING_INTERVAL = True
JOIN_HINTS = False
TABLE_HINTS = False
QUERY_HINTS = False
AGGREGATE_FILTER_SUPPORTED = False
SUPPORTS_TABLE_COPY = False
COLLATE_IS_FUNC = True
LIMIT_ONLY_LITERALS = True
JSON_KEY_VALUE_PAIR_SEP = ','
INSERT_OVERWRITE = ' OVERWRITE INTO'
STRUCT_DELIMITER = ('(', ')')
COPY_PARAMS_ARE_WRAPPED = False
COPY_PARAMS_EQ_REQUIRED = True
STAR_EXCEPT = 'EXCLUDE'
TRANSFORMS = {<class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathKey'>: <function <lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathRoot'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathSubscript'>: <function <lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AllowedValuesProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AutoRefreshProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BackupProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CaseSpecificColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CharacterSetColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CharacterSetProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ClusteredColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CollateColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CommentColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CopyGrantsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateFormatColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DefaultColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EncodeColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EphemeralColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExcludeColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExecuteAsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExternalProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GlobalProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.HeapProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IcebergProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InheritsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InlineLengthColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InputModelProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IntervalSpan'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONExtract'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONExtractScalar'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LanguageProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LocationProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MaterializedProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NonClusteredColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NoPrimaryIndexProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NotForReplicationColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnCommitProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnUpdateColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OutputModelProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PathColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RemoteWithConnectionModelProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ReturnsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SampleProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SetConfigProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SetProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SettingsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SharingProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SqlReadWriteProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SqlSecurityProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StabilityProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrictProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TemporaryProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TitleColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Timestamp'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToMap'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToTableProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TransformModelProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TransientProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UppercaseColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnloggedProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VarMap'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ViewAttributeProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VolatileProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithJournalTableProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithOperator'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxDistinct'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMax'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMin'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Array'>: <function inline_array_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayConcat'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayContains'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AtTimeZone'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BitwiseXor'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Create'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateAdd'>: <function date_delta_sql.<locals>._delta_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateDiff'>: <function date_delta_sql.<locals>._delta_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateStrToDate'>: <function datestrtodate_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfMonth'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfWeek'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfYear'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Explode'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Extract'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FromTimeZone'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GenerateSeries'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GroupConcat'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.If'>: <function if_sql.<locals>._if_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONObject'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalAnd'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalOr'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Map'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Max'>: <function max_or_greatest>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Min'>: <function min_or_least>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PartitionedByProperty'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PercentileCont'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PercentileDisc'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Pivot'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpILike'>: <function _regexpilike_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Rand'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Select'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StarMap'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StartsWith'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrPosition'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToTime'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stuff'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeAdd'>: <function date_delta_sql.<locals>._delta_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampDiff'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampTrunc'>: <function timestamptrunc_sql.<locals>._timestamptrunc_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToTime'>: <function timestrtotime_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeToStr'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeToUnix'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToArray'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToChar'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Trim'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsAdd'>: <function date_delta_sql.<locals>._delta_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsDiff'>: <function date_delta_sql.<locals>._delta_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsToDate'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToTime'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WeekOfYear'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Xor'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>}
SUPPORTED_JSON_PATH_PARTS = {<class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathSubscript'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathRoot'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathKey'>}
TYPE_MAPPING = {<Type.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>: 'CHAR', <Type.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>: 'VARCHAR', <Type.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>: 'TEXT', <Type.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>: 'TEXT', <Type.TINYTEXT: 'TINYTEXT'>: 'TEXT', <Type.MEDIUMBLOB: 'MEDIUMBLOB'>: 'BLOB', <Type.LONGBLOB: 'LONGBLOB'>: 'BLOB', <Type.TINYBLOB: 'TINYBLOB'>: 'BLOB', <Type.INET: 'INET'>: 'INET', <Type.ROWVERSION: 'ROWVERSION'>: 'VARBINARY', <Type.NESTED: 'NESTED'>: 'OBJECT', <Type.STRUCT: 'STRUCT'>: 'OBJECT'}
PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {<class 'sqlglot.expressions.AllowedValuesProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AlgorithmProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AutoIncrementProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AutoRefreshProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BackupProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BlockCompressionProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CharacterSetProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ChecksumProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CollateProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CopyGrantsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Cluster'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ClusteredByProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DataBlocksizeProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DataDeletionProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DefinerProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DictRange'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DictProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DistKeyProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DistStyleProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EngineProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExecuteAsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExternalProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FallbackProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FileFormatProperty'>: <Location.POST_WITH: 'POST_WITH'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FreespaceProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GlobalProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.HeapProperty'>: <Location.POST_WITH: 'POST_WITH'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InheritsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IcebergProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InputModelProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsolatedLoadingProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JournalProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LanguageProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LikeProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LocationProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LockProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LockingProperty'>: <Location.POST_ALIAS: 'POST_ALIAS'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MaterializedProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MergeBlockRatioProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NoPrimaryIndexProperty'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnCommitProperty'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Order'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OutputModelProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PartitionedByProperty'>: <Location.POST_WITH: 'POST_WITH'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PartitionedOfProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PrimaryKey'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Property'>: <Location.POST_WITH: 'POST_WITH'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RemoteWithConnectionModelProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ReturnsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowFormatProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowFormatDelimitedProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowFormatSerdeProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SampleProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SchemaCommentProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SerdeProperties'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Set'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SettingsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SetProperty'>: <Location.UNSUPPORTED: 'UNSUPPORTED'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SetConfigProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SharingProperty'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SequenceProperties'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SortKeyProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SqlReadWriteProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SqlSecurityProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StabilityProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrictProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TemporaryProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToTableProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TransientProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TransformModelProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MergeTreeTTL'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnloggedProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ViewAttributeProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VolatileProperty'>: <Location.UNSUPPORTED: 'UNSUPPORTED'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithDataProperty'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithJournalTableProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithSystemVersioningProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>}
UNSUPPORTED_VALUES_EXPRESSIONS = {<class 'sqlglot.expressions.Struct'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StarMap'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VarMap'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Map'>}
def with_properties(self, properties: sqlglot.expressions.Properties) -> str: View Source

    887        def with_properties(self, properties: exp.Properties) -> str:
    888            return self.properties(properties, wrapped=False, prefix=self.sep(""), sep=" ")

def values_sql( self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Values, values_as_table: bool = True) -> str: View Source

    890        def values_sql(self, expression: exp.Values, values_as_table: bool = True) -> str:
    891            if expression.find(*self.UNSUPPORTED_VALUES_EXPRESSIONS):
    892                values_as_table = False
    893
    894            return super().values_sql(expression, values_as_table=values_as_table)

def datatype_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.DataType) -> str: View Source

    896        def datatype_sql(self, expression: exp.DataType) -> str:
    897            expressions = expression.expressions
    898            if (
    899                expressions
    900                and expression.is_type(*exp.DataType.STRUCT_TYPES)
    901                and any(isinstance(field_type, exp.DataType) for field_type in expressions)
    902            ):
    903                # The correct syntax is OBJECT [ (<key> <value_type [NOT NULL] [, ...]) ]
    904                return "OBJECT"
    905
    906            return super().datatype_sql(expression)

def tonumber_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.ToNumber) -> str: View Source

    908        def tonumber_sql(self, expression: exp.ToNumber) -> str:
    909            return self.func(
    910                "TO_NUMBER",
    911                expression.this,
    912                expression.args.get("format"),
    913                expression.args.get("precision"),
    914                expression.args.get("scale"),
    915            )

def timestampfromparts_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.TimestampFromParts) -> str: View Source

    917        def timestampfromparts_sql(self, expression: exp.TimestampFromParts) -> str:
    918            milli = expression.args.get("milli")
    919            if milli is not None:
    920                milli_to_nano = milli.pop() * exp.Literal.number(1000000)
    921                expression.set("nano", milli_to_nano)
    922
    923            return rename_func("TIMESTAMP_FROM_PARTS")(self, expression)

def trycast_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.TryCast) -> str: View Source

    925        def trycast_sql(self, expression: exp.TryCast) -> str:
    926            value = expression.this
    927
    928            if value.type is None:
    929                from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
    930
    931                value = annotate_types(value)
    932
    933            if value.is_type(*exp.DataType.TEXT_TYPES, exp.DataType.Type.UNKNOWN):
    934                return super().trycast_sql(expression)
    935
    936            # TRY_CAST only works for string values in Snowflake
    937            return self.cast_sql(expression)

def log_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Log) -> str: View Source

    939        def log_sql(self, expression: exp.Log) -> str:
    940            if not expression.expression:
    941                return self.func("LN", expression.this)
    942
    943            return super().log_sql(expression)

def unnest_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Unnest) -> str: View Source

    945        def unnest_sql(self, expression: exp.Unnest) -> str:
    946            unnest_alias = expression.args.get("alias")
    947            offset = expression.args.get("offset")
    948
    949            columns = [
    950                exp.to_identifier("seq"),
    951                exp.to_identifier("key"),
    952                exp.to_identifier("path"),
    953                offset.pop() if isinstance(offset, exp.Expression) else exp.to_identifier("index"),
    954                seq_get(unnest_alias.columns if unnest_alias else [], 0)
    955                or exp.to_identifier("value"),
    956                exp.to_identifier("this"),
    957            ]
    958
    959            if unnest_alias:
    960                unnest_alias.set("columns", columns)
    961            else:
    962                unnest_alias = exp.TableAlias(this="_u", columns=columns)
    963
    964            explode = f"TABLE(FLATTEN(INPUT => {self.sql(expression.expressions[0])}))"
    965            alias = self.sql(unnest_alias)
    966            alias = f" AS {alias}" if alias else ""
    967            return f"{explode}{alias}"

def show_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Show) -> str: View Source

    969        def show_sql(self, expression: exp.Show) -> str:
    970            terse = "TERSE " if expression.args.get("terse") else ""
    971            history = " HISTORY" if expression.args.get("history") else ""
    972            like = self.sql(expression, "like")
    973            like = f" LIKE {like}" if like else ""
    974
    975            scope = self.sql(expression, "scope")
    976            scope = f" {scope}" if scope else ""
    977
    978            scope_kind = self.sql(expression, "scope_kind")
    979            if scope_kind:
    980                scope_kind = f" IN {scope_kind}"
    981
    982            starts_with = self.sql(expression, "starts_with")
    983            if starts_with:
    984                starts_with = f" STARTS WITH {starts_with}"
    985
    986            limit = self.sql(expression, "limit")
    987
    988            from_ = self.sql(expression, "from")
    989            if from_:
    990                from_ = f" FROM {from_}"
    991
    992            return f"SHOW {terse}{expression.name}{history}{like}{scope_kind}{scope}{starts_with}{limit}{from_}"

def regexpextract_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.RegexpExtract) -> str: View Source

     994        def regexpextract_sql(self, expression: exp.RegexpExtract) -> str:
     995            # Other dialects don't support all of the following parameters, so we need to
     996            # generate default values as necessary to ensure the transpilation is correct
     997            group = expression.args.get("group")
     998            parameters = expression.args.get("parameters") or (group and exp.Literal.string("c"))
     999            occurrence = expression.args.get("occurrence") or (parameters and exp.Literal.number(1))
    1000            position = expression.args.get("position") or (occurrence and exp.Literal.number(1))
    1001
    1002            return self.func(
    1003                "REGEXP_SUBSTR",
    1004                expression.this,
    1005                expression.expression,
    1006                position,
    1007                occurrence,
    1008                parameters,
    1009                group,
    1010            )

def except_op(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Except) -> str: View Source

    1012        def except_op(self, expression: exp.Except) -> str:
    1013            if not expression.args.get("distinct"):
    1014                self.unsupported("EXCEPT with All is not supported in Snowflake")
    1015            return super().except_op(expression)

def intersect_op(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Intersect) -> str: View Source

    1017        def intersect_op(self, expression: exp.Intersect) -> str:
    1018            if not expression.args.get("distinct"):
    1019                self.unsupported("INTERSECT with All is not supported in Snowflake")
    1020            return super().intersect_op(expression)

def describe_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Describe) -> str: View Source

    1022        def describe_sql(self, expression: exp.Describe) -> str:
    1023            # Default to table if kind is unknown
    1024            kind_value = expression.args.get("kind") or "TABLE"
    1025            kind = f" {kind_value}" if kind_value else ""
    1026            this = f" {self.sql(expression, 'this')}"
    1027            expressions = self.expressions(expression, flat=True)
    1028            expressions = f" {expressions}" if expressions else ""
    1029            return f"DESCRIBE{kind}{this}{expressions}"

def generatedasidentitycolumnconstraint_sql( self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.GeneratedAsIdentityColumnConstraint) -> str: View Source

    1031        def generatedasidentitycolumnconstraint_sql(
    1032            self, expression: exp.GeneratedAsIdentityColumnConstraint
    1033        ) -> str:
    1034            start = expression.args.get("start")
    1035            start = f" START {start}" if start else ""
    1036            increment = expression.args.get("increment")
    1037            increment = f" INCREMENT {increment}" if increment else ""
    1038            return f"AUTOINCREMENT{start}{increment}"

def swaptable_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.SwapTable) -> str: View Source

    1040        def swaptable_sql(self, expression: exp.SwapTable) -> str:
    1041            this = self.sql(expression, "this")
    1042            return f"SWAP WITH {this}"

def cluster_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Cluster) -> str: View Source

    1044        def cluster_sql(self, expression: exp.Cluster) -> str:
    1045            return f"CLUSTER BY ({self.expressions(expression, flat=True)})"

def struct_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Struct) -> str: View Source

    1047        def struct_sql(self, expression: exp.Struct) -> str:
    1048            keys = []
    1049            values = []
    1050
    1051            for i, e in enumerate(expression.expressions):
    1052                if isinstance(e, exp.PropertyEQ):
    1053                    keys.append(
    1054                        exp.Literal.string(e.name) if isinstance(e.this, exp.Identifier) else e.this
    1055                    )
    1056                    values.append(e.expression)
    1057                else:
    1058                    keys.append(exp.Literal.string(f"_{i}"))
    1059                    values.append(e)
    1060
    1061            return self.func("OBJECT_CONSTRUCT", *flatten(zip(keys, values)))

def approxquantile_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.ApproxQuantile) -> str: View Source

    1063        def approxquantile_sql(self, expression: exp.ApproxQuantile) -> str:
    1064            if expression.args.get("weight") or expression.args.get("accuracy"):
    1065                self.unsupported(
    1066                    "APPROX_PERCENTILE with weight and/or accuracy arguments are not supported in Snowflake"
    1067                )
    1068
    1069            return self.func("APPROX_PERCENTILE", expression.this, expression.args.get("quantile"))

def alterset_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.AlterSet) -> str: View Source

    1071        def alterset_sql(self, expression: exp.AlterSet) -> str:
    1072            exprs = self.expressions(expression, flat=True)
    1073            exprs = f" {exprs}" if exprs else ""
    1074            file_format = self.expressions(expression, key="file_format", flat=True, sep=" ")
    1075            file_format = f" STAGE_FILE_FORMAT = ({file_format})" if file_format else ""
    1076            copy_options = self.expressions(expression, key="copy_options", flat=True, sep=" ")
    1077            copy_options = f" STAGE_COPY_OPTIONS = ({copy_options})" if copy_options else ""
    1078            tag = self.expressions(expression, key="tag", flat=True)
    1079            tag = f" TAG {tag}" if tag else ""
    1080
    1081            return f"SET{exprs}{file_format}{copy_options}{tag}"

SELECT_KINDS: Tuple[str, ...] = ()
TRY_SUPPORTED = False
AFTER_HAVING_MODIFIER_TRANSFORMS = {'qualify': <function Generator.<lambda>>, 'windows': <function Generator.<lambda>>}

##### Inherited Members

sqlglot.generator.Generator
  Generator
  NULL_ORDERING_SUPPORTED
  IGNORE_NULLS_IN_FUNC
  LOCKING_READS_SUPPORTED
  EXPLICIT_UNION
  WRAP_DERIVED_VALUES
  CREATE_FUNCTION_RETURN_AS
  INTERVAL_ALLOWS_PLURAL_FORM
  LIMIT_FETCH
  RENAME_TABLE_WITH_DB
  GROUPINGS_SEP
  INDEX_ON
  QUERY_HINT_SEP
  IS_BOOL_ALLOWED
  DUPLICATE_KEY_UPDATE_WITH_SET
  LIMIT_IS_TOP
  RETURNING_END
  COLUMN_JOIN_MARKS_SUPPORTED
  EXTRACT_ALLOWS_QUOTES
  TZ_TO_WITH_TIME_ZONE
  NVL2_SUPPORTED
  VALUES_AS_TABLE
  ALTER_TABLE_INCLUDE_COLUMN_KEYWORD
  UNNEST_WITH_ORDINALITY
  SEMI_ANTI_JOIN_WITH_SIDE
  COMPUTED_COLUMN_WITH_TYPE
  TABLESAMPLE_REQUIRES_PARENS
  TABLESAMPLE_SIZE_IS_ROWS
  TABLESAMPLE_KEYWORDS
  TABLESAMPLE_WITH_METHOD
  TABLESAMPLE_SEED_KEYWORD
  DATA_TYPE_SPECIFIERS_ALLOWED
  ENSURE_BOOLS
  CTE_RECURSIVE_KEYWORD_REQUIRED
  SUPPORTS_SINGLE_ARG_CONCAT
  LAST_DAY_SUPPORTS_DATE_PART
  SUPPORTS_TABLE_ALIAS_COLUMNS
  UNPIVOT_ALIASES_ARE_IDENTIFIERS
  SUPPORTS_SELECT_INTO
  SUPPORTS_UNLOGGED_TABLES
  SUPPORTS_CREATE_TABLE_LIKE
  LIKE_PROPERTY_INSIDE_SCHEMA
  MULTI_ARG_DISTINCT
  JSON_TYPE_REQUIRED_FOR_EXTRACTION
  JSON_PATH_BRACKETED_KEY_SUPPORTED
  JSON_PATH_SINGLE_QUOTE_ESCAPE
  CAN_IMPLEMENT_ARRAY_ANY
  SUPPORTS_TO_NUMBER
  OUTER_UNION_MODIFIERS
  COPY_HAS_INTO_KEYWORD
  HEX_FUNC
  WITH_PROPERTIES_PREFIX
  TIME_PART_SINGULARS
  TOKEN_MAPPING
  NAMED_PLACEHOLDER_TOKEN
  RESERVED_KEYWORDS
  WITH_SEPARATED_COMMENTS
  EXCLUDE_COMMENTS
  UNWRAPPED_INTERVAL_VALUES
  PARAMETERIZABLE_TEXT_TYPES
  EXPRESSIONS_WITHOUT_NESTED_CTES
  SENTINEL_LINE_BREAK
  pretty
  identify
  normalize
  pad
  unsupported_level
  max_unsupported
  leading_comma
  max_text_width
  comments
  dialect
  normalize_functions
  unsupported_messages
  generate
  preprocess
  unsupported
  sep
  seg
  pad_comment
  maybe_comment
  wrap
  no_identify
  normalize_func
  indent
  sql
  uncache_sql
  cache_sql
  characterset_sql
  column_parts
  column_sql
  columnposition_sql
  columndef_sql
  columnconstraint_sql
  computedcolumnconstraint_sql
  autoincrementcolumnconstraint_sql
  compresscolumnconstraint_sql
  generatedasrowcolumnconstraint_sql
  periodforsystemtimeconstraint_sql
  notnullcolumnconstraint_sql
  transformcolumnconstraint_sql
  primarykeycolumnconstraint_sql
  uniquecolumnconstraint_sql
  createable_sql
  create_sql
  sequenceproperties_sql
  clone_sql
  heredoc_sql
  prepend_ctes
  with_sql
  cte_sql
  tablealias_sql
  bitstring_sql
  hexstring_sql
  bytestring_sql
  unicodestring_sql
  rawstring_sql
  datatypeparam_sql
  directory_sql
  delete_sql
  drop_sql
  except_sql
  fetch_sql
  filter_sql
  hint_sql
  indexparameters_sql
  index_sql
  identifier_sql
  hex_sql
  lowerhex_sql
  inputoutputformat_sql
  national_sql
  partition_sql
  properties_sql
  root_properties
  properties
  locate_properties
  property_name
  property_sql
  likeproperty_sql
  fallbackproperty_sql
  journalproperty_sql
  freespaceproperty_sql
  checksumproperty_sql
  mergeblockratioproperty_sql
  datablocksizeproperty_sql
  blockcompressionproperty_sql
  isolatedloadingproperty_sql
  partitionboundspec_sql
  partitionedofproperty_sql
  lockingproperty_sql
  withdataproperty_sql
  withsystemversioningproperty_sql
  insert_sql
  intersect_sql
  introducer_sql
  kill_sql
  pseudotype_sql
  objectidentifier_sql
  onconflict_sql
  returning_sql
  rowformatdelimitedproperty_sql
  withtablehint_sql
  indextablehint_sql
  historicaldata_sql
  table_parts
  table_sql
  tablesample_sql
  pivot_sql
  version_sql
  tuple_sql
  update_sql
  var_sql
  into_sql
  from_sql
  group_sql
  having_sql
  connect_sql
  prior_sql
  join_sql
  lambda_sql
  lateral_op
  lateral_sql
  limit_sql
  offset_sql
  setitem_sql
  set_sql
  pragma_sql
  lock_sql
  literal_sql
  escape_str
  loaddata_sql
  null_sql
  boolean_sql
  order_sql
  withfill_sql
  distribute_sql
  sort_sql
  ordered_sql
  matchrecognizemeasure_sql
  matchrecognize_sql
  query_modifiers
  queryoption_sql
  offset_limit_modifiers
  after_limit_modifiers
  select_sql
  schema_sql
  schema_columns_sql
  star_sql
  parameter_sql
  sessionparameter_sql
  placeholder_sql
  subquery_sql
  qualify_sql
  set_operations
  union_sql
  union_op
  prewhere_sql
  where_sql
  window_sql
  partition_by_sql
  windowspec_sql
  withingroup_sql
  between_sql
  bracket_offset_expressions
  bracket_sql
  all_sql
  any_sql
  exists_sql
  case_sql
  constraint_sql
  nextvaluefor_sql
  extract_sql
  trim_sql
  convert_concat_args
  concat_sql
  concatws_sql
  check_sql
  foreignkey_sql
  primarykey_sql
  if_sql
  matchagainst_sql
  jsonkeyvalue_sql
  jsonpath_sql
  json_path_part
  formatjson_sql
  jsonobject_sql
  jsonobjectagg_sql
  jsonarray_sql
  jsonarrayagg_sql
  jsoncolumndef_sql
  jsonschema_sql
  jsontable_sql
  openjsoncolumndef_sql
  openjson_sql
  in_sql
  in_unnest_op
  interval_sql
  return_sql
  reference_sql
  anonymous_sql
  paren_sql
  neg_sql
  not_sql
  alias_sql
  pivotalias_sql
  aliases_sql
  atindex_sql
  attimezone_sql
  fromtimezone_sql
  add_sql
  and_sql
  or_sql
  xor_sql
  connector_sql
  bitwiseand_sql
  bitwiseleftshift_sql
  bitwisenot_sql
  bitwiseor_sql
  bitwiserightshift_sql
  bitwisexor_sql
  cast_sql
  currentdate_sql
  currenttimestamp_sql
  collate_sql
  command_sql
  comment_sql
  mergetreettlaction_sql
  mergetreettl_sql
  transaction_sql
  commit_sql
  rollback_sql
  altercolumn_sql
  alterdiststyle_sql
  altersortkey_sql
  renametable_sql
  renamecolumn_sql
  altertable_sql
  add_column_sql
  droppartition_sql
  addconstraint_sql
  distinct_sql
  ignorenulls_sql
  respectnulls_sql
  havingmax_sql
  intdiv_sql
  dpipe_sql
  div_sql
  overlaps_sql
  distance_sql
  dot_sql
  eq_sql
  propertyeq_sql
  escape_sql
  glob_sql
  gt_sql
  gte_sql
  ilike_sql
  ilikeany_sql
  is_sql
  like_sql
  likeany_sql
  similarto_sql
  lt_sql
  lte_sql
  mod_sql
  mul_sql
  neq_sql
  nullsafeeq_sql
  nullsafeneq_sql
  slice_sql
  sub_sql
  try_sql
  use_sql
  binary
  function_fallback_sql
  func
  format_args
  too_wide
  format_time
  expressions
  op_expressions
  naked_property
  tag_sql
  token_sql
  userdefinedfunction_sql
  joinhint_sql
  kwarg_sql
  when_sql
  merge_sql
  tochar_sql
  dictproperty_sql
  dictrange_sql
  dictsubproperty_sql
  oncluster_sql
  clusteredbyproperty_sql
  anyvalue_sql
  querytransform_sql
  indexconstraintoption_sql
  checkcolumnconstraint_sql
  indexcolumnconstraint_sql
  nvl2_sql
  comprehension_sql
  columnprefix_sql
  opclass_sql
  predict_sql
  forin_sql
  refresh_sql
  operator_sql
  toarray_sql
  tsordstotime_sql
  tsordstotimestamp_sql
  tsordstodate_sql
  unixdate_sql
  lastday_sql
  dateadd_sql
  arrayany_sql
  generateseries_sql
  partitionrange_sql
  truncatetable_sql
  convert_sql
  copyparameter_sql
  credentials_sql
  copy_sql
  semicolon_sql
  datadeletionproperty_sql