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# sqlglot.dialects.presto

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      1from __future__ import annotations
      2
      3import typing as t
      4
      5from sqlglot import exp, generator, parser, tokens, transforms
      6from sqlglot.dialects.dialect import (
      7    Dialect,
      8    NormalizationStrategy,
      9    binary_from_function,
     10    bool_xor_sql,
     11    date_trunc_to_time,
     12    datestrtodate_sql,
     13    encode_decode_sql,
     14    build_formatted_time,
     15    if_sql,
     16    left_to_substring_sql,
     17    no_ilike_sql,
     18    no_pivot_sql,
     19    no_safe_divide_sql,
     20    no_timestamp_sql,
     21    regexp_extract_sql,
     22    rename_func,
     23    right_to_substring_sql,
     24    sha256_sql,
     25    struct_extract_sql,
     26    str_position_sql,
     27    timestamptrunc_sql,
     28    timestrtotime_sql,
     29    ts_or_ds_add_cast,
     30    unit_to_str,
     31)
     32from sqlglot.dialects.hive import Hive
     33from sqlglot.dialects.mysql import MySQL
     34from sqlglot.helper import apply_index_offset, seq_get
     35from sqlglot.tokens import TokenType
     36from sqlglot.transforms import unqualify_columns
     37
     38DATE_ADD_OR_SUB = t.Union[exp.DateAdd, exp.TimestampAdd, exp.DateSub]
     39
     40
     41def _explode_to_unnest_sql(self: Presto.Generator, expression: exp.Lateral) -> str:
     42    if isinstance(expression.this, exp.Explode):
     43        return self.sql(
     44            exp.Join(
     45                this=exp.Unnest(
     46                    expressions=[expression.this.this],
     47                    alias=expression.args.get("alias"),
     48                    offset=isinstance(expression.this, exp.Posexplode),
     49                ),
     50                kind="cross",
     51            )
     52        )
     53    return self.lateral_sql(expression)
     54
     55
     56def _initcap_sql(self: Presto.Generator, expression: exp.Initcap) -> str:
     57    regex = r"(\w)(\w*)"
     58    return f"REGEXP_REPLACE({self.sql(expression, 'this')}, '{regex}', x -> UPPER(x[1]) || LOWER(x[2]))"
     59
     60
     61def _no_sort_array(self: Presto.Generator, expression: exp.SortArray) -> str:
     62    if expression.args.get("asc") == exp.false():
     63        comparator = "(a, b) -> CASE WHEN a < b THEN 1 WHEN a > b THEN -1 ELSE 0 END"
     64    else:
     65        comparator = None
     66    return self.func("ARRAY_SORT", expression.this, comparator)
     67
     68
     69def _schema_sql(self: Presto.Generator, expression: exp.Schema) -> str:
     70    if isinstance(expression.parent, exp.Property):
     71        columns = ", ".join(f"'{c.name}'" for c in expression.expressions)
     72        return f"ARRAY[{columns}]"
     73
     74    if expression.parent:
     75        for schema in expression.parent.find_all(exp.Schema):
     76            column_defs = schema.find_all(exp.ColumnDef)
     77            if column_defs and isinstance(schema.parent, exp.Property):
     78                expression.expressions.extend(column_defs)
     79
     80    return self.schema_sql(expression)
     81
     82
     83def _quantile_sql(self: Presto.Generator, expression: exp.Quantile) -> str:
     84    self.unsupported("Presto does not support exact quantiles")
     85    return self.func("APPROX_PERCENTILE", expression.this, expression.args.get("quantile"))
     86
     87
     88def _str_to_time_sql(
     89    self: Presto.Generator, expression: exp.StrToDate | exp.StrToTime | exp.TsOrDsToDate
     90) -> str:
     91    return self.func("DATE_PARSE", expression.this, self.format_time(expression))
     92
     93
     94def _ts_or_ds_to_date_sql(self: Presto.Generator, expression: exp.TsOrDsToDate) -> str:
     95    time_format = self.format_time(expression)
     96    if time_format and time_format not in (Presto.TIME_FORMAT, Presto.DATE_FORMAT):
     97        return self.sql(exp.cast(_str_to_time_sql(self, expression), exp.DataType.Type.DATE))
     98    return self.sql(
     99        exp.cast(exp.cast(expression.this, exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP), exp.DataType.Type.DATE)
    100    )
    101
    102
    103def _ts_or_ds_add_sql(self: Presto.Generator, expression: exp.TsOrDsAdd) -> str:
    104    expression = ts_or_ds_add_cast(expression)
    105    unit = unit_to_str(expression)
    106    return self.func("DATE_ADD", unit, expression.expression, expression.this)
    107
    108
    109def _ts_or_ds_diff_sql(self: Presto.Generator, expression: exp.TsOrDsDiff) -> str:
    110    this = exp.cast(expression.this, exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP)
    111    expr = exp.cast(expression.expression, exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP)
    112    unit = unit_to_str(expression)
    113    return self.func("DATE_DIFF", unit, expr, this)
    114
    115
    116def _build_approx_percentile(args: t.List) -> exp.Expression:
    117    if len(args) == 4:
    118        return exp.ApproxQuantile(
    119            this=seq_get(args, 0),
    120            weight=seq_get(args, 1),
    121            quantile=seq_get(args, 2),
    122            accuracy=seq_get(args, 3),
    123        )
    124    if len(args) == 3:
    125        return exp.ApproxQuantile(
    126            this=seq_get(args, 0), quantile=seq_get(args, 1), accuracy=seq_get(args, 2)
    127        )
    128    return exp.ApproxQuantile.from_arg_list(args)
    129
    130
    131def _build_from_unixtime(args: t.List) -> exp.Expression:
    132    if len(args) == 3:
    133        return exp.UnixToTime(
    134            this=seq_get(args, 0),
    135            hours=seq_get(args, 1),
    136            minutes=seq_get(args, 2),
    137        )
    138    if len(args) == 2:
    139        return exp.UnixToTime(this=seq_get(args, 0), zone=seq_get(args, 1))
    140
    141    return exp.UnixToTime.from_arg_list(args)
    142
    143
    144def _unnest_sequence(expression: exp.Expression) -> exp.Expression:
    145    if isinstance(expression, exp.Table):
    146        if isinstance(expression.this, exp.GenerateSeries):
    147            unnest = exp.Unnest(expressions=[expression.this])
    148
    149            if expression.alias:
    150                return exp.alias_(unnest, alias="_u", table=[expression.alias], copy=False)
    151            return unnest
    152    return expression
    153
    154
    155def _first_last_sql(self: Presto.Generator, expression: exp.Func) -> str:
    156    """
    157    Trino doesn't support FIRST / LAST as functions, but they're valid in the context
    158    of MATCH_RECOGNIZE, so we need to preserve them in that case. In all other cases
    159    they're converted into an ARBITRARY call.
    160
    161    Reference: https://trino.io/docs/current/sql/match-recognize.html#logical-navigation-functions
    162    """
    163    if isinstance(expression.find_ancestor(exp.MatchRecognize, exp.Select), exp.MatchRecognize):
    164        return self.function_fallback_sql(expression)
    165
    166    return rename_func("ARBITRARY")(self, expression)
    167
    168
    169def _unix_to_time_sql(self: Presto.Generator, expression: exp.UnixToTime) -> str:
    170    scale = expression.args.get("scale")
    171    timestamp = self.sql(expression, "this")
    172    if scale in (None, exp.UnixToTime.SECONDS):
    173        return rename_func("FROM_UNIXTIME")(self, expression)
    174
    175    return f"FROM_UNIXTIME(CAST({timestamp} AS DOUBLE) / POW(10, {scale}))"
    176
    177
    178def _jsonextract_sql(self: Presto.Generator, expression: exp.JSONExtract) -> str:
    179    is_json_extract = self.dialect.settings.get("variant_extract_is_json_extract", True)
    180
    181    # Generate JSON_EXTRACT unless the user has configured that a Snowflake / Databricks
    182    # VARIANT extract (e.g. col:x.y) should map to dot notation (i.e ROW access) in Presto/Trino
    183    if not expression.args.get("variant_extract") or is_json_extract:
    184        return self.func(
    185            "JSON_EXTRACT", expression.this, expression.expression, *expression.expressions
    186        )
    187
    188    this = self.sql(expression, "this")
    189
    190    # Convert the JSONPath extraction `JSON_EXTRACT(col, '$.x.y) to a ROW access col.x.y
    191    segments = []
    192    for path_key in expression.expression.expressions[1:]:
    193        if not isinstance(path_key, exp.JSONPathKey):
    194            # Cannot transpile subscripts, wildcards etc to dot notation
    195            self.unsupported(f"Cannot transpile JSONPath segment '{path_key}' to ROW access")
    196            continue
    197        key = path_key.this
    198        if not exp.SAFE_IDENTIFIER_RE.match(key):
    199            key = f'"{key}"'
    200        segments.append(f".{key}")
    201
    202    expr = "".join(segments)
    203
    204    return f"{this}{expr}"
    205
    206
    207def _to_int(expression: exp.Expression) -> exp.Expression:
    208    if not expression.type:
    209        from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
    210
    211        annotate_types(expression)
    212    if expression.type and expression.type.this not in exp.DataType.INTEGER_TYPES:
    213        return exp.cast(expression, to=exp.DataType.Type.BIGINT)
    214    return expression
    215
    216
    217def _build_to_char(args: t.List) -> exp.TimeToStr:
    218    fmt = seq_get(args, 1)
    219    if isinstance(fmt, exp.Literal):
    220        # We uppercase this to match Teradata's format mapping keys
    221        fmt.set("this", fmt.this.upper())
    222
    223    # We use "teradata" on purpose here, because the time formats are different in Presto.
    224    # See https://prestodb.io/docs/current/functions/teradata.html?highlight=to_char#to_char
    225    return build_formatted_time(exp.TimeToStr, "teradata")(args)
    226
    227
    228def _date_delta_sql(
    229    name: str, negate_interval: bool = False
    230) -> t.Callable[[Presto.Generator, DATE_ADD_OR_SUB], str]:
    231    def _delta_sql(self: Presto.Generator, expression: DATE_ADD_OR_SUB) -> str:
    232        interval = _to_int(expression.expression)
    233        return self.func(
    234            name,
    235            unit_to_str(expression),
    236            interval * (-1) if negate_interval else interval,
    237            expression.this,
    238        )
    239
    240    return _delta_sql
    241
    242
    243class Presto(Dialect):
    244    INDEX_OFFSET = 1
    245    NULL_ORDERING = "nulls_are_last"
    246    TIME_FORMAT = MySQL.TIME_FORMAT
    247    TIME_MAPPING = MySQL.TIME_MAPPING
    248    STRICT_STRING_CONCAT = True
    249    SUPPORTS_SEMI_ANTI_JOIN = False
    250    TYPED_DIVISION = True
    251    TABLESAMPLE_SIZE_IS_PERCENT = True
    252    LOG_BASE_FIRST: t.Optional[bool] = None
    253
    254    # https://github.com/trinodb/trino/issues/17
    255    # https://github.com/trinodb/trino/issues/12289
    256    # https://github.com/prestodb/presto/issues/2863
    257    NORMALIZATION_STRATEGY = NormalizationStrategy.CASE_INSENSITIVE
    258
    259    class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer):
    260        UNICODE_STRINGS = [
    261            (prefix + q, q)
    262            for q in t.cast(t.List[str], tokens.Tokenizer.QUOTES)
    263            for prefix in ("U&", "u&")
    264        ]
    265
    266        KEYWORDS = {
    267            **tokens.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,
    268            "START": TokenType.BEGIN,
    269            "MATCH_RECOGNIZE": TokenType.MATCH_RECOGNIZE,
    270            "ROW": TokenType.STRUCT,
    271            "IPADDRESS": TokenType.IPADDRESS,
    272            "IPPREFIX": TokenType.IPPREFIX,
    273            "TDIGEST": TokenType.TDIGEST,
    274            "HYPERLOGLOG": TokenType.HLLSKETCH,
    275        }
    276        KEYWORDS.pop("/*+")
    277        KEYWORDS.pop("QUALIFY")
    278
    279    class Parser(parser.Parser):
    280        VALUES_FOLLOWED_BY_PAREN = False
    281
    282        FUNCTIONS = {
    283            **parser.Parser.FUNCTIONS,
    284            "ARBITRARY": exp.AnyValue.from_arg_list,
    285            "APPROX_DISTINCT": exp.ApproxDistinct.from_arg_list,
    286            "APPROX_PERCENTILE": _build_approx_percentile,
    287            "BITWISE_AND": binary_from_function(exp.BitwiseAnd),
    288            "BITWISE_NOT": lambda args: exp.BitwiseNot(this=seq_get(args, 0)),
    289            "BITWISE_OR": binary_from_function(exp.BitwiseOr),
    290            "BITWISE_XOR": binary_from_function(exp.BitwiseXor),
    291            "CARDINALITY": exp.ArraySize.from_arg_list,
    292            "CONTAINS": exp.ArrayContains.from_arg_list,
    293            "DATE_ADD": lambda args: exp.DateAdd(
    294                this=seq_get(args, 2), expression=seq_get(args, 1), unit=seq_get(args, 0)
    295            ),
    296            "DATE_DIFF": lambda args: exp.DateDiff(
    297                this=seq_get(args, 2), expression=seq_get(args, 1), unit=seq_get(args, 0)
    298            ),
    299            "DATE_FORMAT": build_formatted_time(exp.TimeToStr, "presto"),
    300            "DATE_PARSE": build_formatted_time(exp.StrToTime, "presto"),
    301            "DATE_TRUNC": date_trunc_to_time,
    302            "ELEMENT_AT": lambda args: exp.Bracket(
    303                this=seq_get(args, 0), expressions=[seq_get(args, 1)], offset=1, safe=True
    304            ),
    305            "FROM_HEX": exp.Unhex.from_arg_list,
    306            "FROM_UNIXTIME": _build_from_unixtime,
    307            "FROM_UTF8": lambda args: exp.Decode(
    308                this=seq_get(args, 0), replace=seq_get(args, 1), charset=exp.Literal.string("utf-8")
    309            ),
    310            "NOW": exp.CurrentTimestamp.from_arg_list,
    311            "REGEXP_EXTRACT": lambda args: exp.RegexpExtract(
    312                this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=seq_get(args, 1), group=seq_get(args, 2)
    313            ),
    314            "REGEXP_REPLACE": lambda args: exp.RegexpReplace(
    315                this=seq_get(args, 0),
    316                expression=seq_get(args, 1),
    317                replacement=seq_get(args, 2) or exp.Literal.string(""),
    318            ),
    319            "ROW": exp.Struct.from_arg_list,
    320            "SEQUENCE": exp.GenerateSeries.from_arg_list,
    321            "SET_AGG": exp.ArrayUniqueAgg.from_arg_list,
    322            "SPLIT_TO_MAP": exp.StrToMap.from_arg_list,
    323            "STRPOS": lambda args: exp.StrPosition(
    324                this=seq_get(args, 0), substr=seq_get(args, 1), instance=seq_get(args, 2)
    325            ),
    326            "TO_CHAR": _build_to_char,
    327            "TO_UNIXTIME": exp.TimeToUnix.from_arg_list,
    328            "TO_UTF8": lambda args: exp.Encode(
    329                this=seq_get(args, 0), charset=exp.Literal.string("utf-8")
    330            ),
    331            "MD5": exp.MD5Digest.from_arg_list,
    332            "SHA256": lambda args: exp.SHA2(this=seq_get(args, 0), length=exp.Literal.number(256)),
    333            "SHA512": lambda args: exp.SHA2(this=seq_get(args, 0), length=exp.Literal.number(512)),
    334        }
    335
    336        FUNCTION_PARSERS = parser.Parser.FUNCTION_PARSERS.copy()
    337        FUNCTION_PARSERS.pop("TRIM")
    338
    339    class Generator(generator.Generator):
    340        INTERVAL_ALLOWS_PLURAL_FORM = False
    341        JOIN_HINTS = False
    342        TABLE_HINTS = False
    343        QUERY_HINTS = False
    344        IS_BOOL_ALLOWED = False
    345        TZ_TO_WITH_TIME_ZONE = True
    346        NVL2_SUPPORTED = False
    347        STRUCT_DELIMITER = ("(", ")")
    348        LIMIT_ONLY_LITERALS = True
    349        SUPPORTS_SINGLE_ARG_CONCAT = False
    350        LIKE_PROPERTY_INSIDE_SCHEMA = True
    351        MULTI_ARG_DISTINCT = False
    352        SUPPORTS_TO_NUMBER = False
    353        HEX_FUNC = "TO_HEX"
    354        PARSE_JSON_NAME = "JSON_PARSE"
    355        PAD_FILL_PATTERN_IS_REQUIRED = True
    356
    357        PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {
    358            **generator.Generator.PROPERTIES_LOCATION,
    359            exp.LocationProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
    360            exp.VolatileProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
    361        }
    362
    363        TYPE_MAPPING = {
    364            **generator.Generator.TYPE_MAPPING,
    365            exp.DataType.Type.INT: "INTEGER",
    366            exp.DataType.Type.FLOAT: "REAL",
    367            exp.DataType.Type.BINARY: "VARBINARY",
    368            exp.DataType.Type.TEXT: "VARCHAR",
    369            exp.DataType.Type.TIMETZ: "TIME",
    370            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPTZ: "TIMESTAMP",
    371            exp.DataType.Type.STRUCT: "ROW",
    372            exp.DataType.Type.DATETIME: "TIMESTAMP",
    373            exp.DataType.Type.DATETIME64: "TIMESTAMP",
    374            exp.DataType.Type.HLLSKETCH: "HYPERLOGLOG",
    375        }
    376
    377        TRANSFORMS = {
    378            **generator.Generator.TRANSFORMS,
    379            exp.AnyValue: rename_func("ARBITRARY"),
    380            exp.ApproxDistinct: lambda self, e: self.func(
    381                "APPROX_DISTINCT", e.this, e.args.get("accuracy")
    382            ),
    383            exp.ApproxQuantile: rename_func("APPROX_PERCENTILE"),
    384            exp.ArgMax: rename_func("MAX_BY"),
    385            exp.ArgMin: rename_func("MIN_BY"),
    386            exp.Array: lambda self, e: f"ARRAY[{self.expressions(e, flat=True)}]",
    387            exp.ArrayAny: rename_func("ANY_MATCH"),
    388            exp.ArrayConcat: rename_func("CONCAT"),
    389            exp.ArrayContains: rename_func("CONTAINS"),
    390            exp.ArraySize: rename_func("CARDINALITY"),
    391            exp.ArrayToString: rename_func("ARRAY_JOIN"),
    392            exp.ArrayUniqueAgg: rename_func("SET_AGG"),
    393            exp.AtTimeZone: rename_func("AT_TIMEZONE"),
    394            exp.BitwiseAnd: lambda self, e: self.func("BITWISE_AND", e.this, e.expression),
    395            exp.BitwiseLeftShift: lambda self, e: self.func(
    396                "BITWISE_ARITHMETIC_SHIFT_LEFT", e.this, e.expression
    397            ),
    398            exp.BitwiseNot: lambda self, e: self.func("BITWISE_NOT", e.this),
    399            exp.BitwiseOr: lambda self, e: self.func("BITWISE_OR", e.this, e.expression),
    400            exp.BitwiseRightShift: lambda self, e: self.func(
    401                "BITWISE_ARITHMETIC_SHIFT_RIGHT", e.this, e.expression
    402            ),
    403            exp.BitwiseXor: lambda self, e: self.func("BITWISE_XOR", e.this, e.expression),
    404            exp.Cast: transforms.preprocess([transforms.epoch_cast_to_ts]),
    405            exp.CurrentTimestamp: lambda *_: "CURRENT_TIMESTAMP",
    406            exp.DateAdd: _date_delta_sql("DATE_ADD"),
    407            exp.DateDiff: lambda self, e: self.func(
    408                "DATE_DIFF", unit_to_str(e), e.expression, e.this
    409            ),
    410            exp.DateStrToDate: datestrtodate_sql,
    411            exp.DateToDi: lambda self,
    412            e: f"CAST(DATE_FORMAT({self.sql(e, 'this')}, {Presto.DATEINT_FORMAT}) AS INT)",
    413            exp.DateSub: _date_delta_sql("DATE_ADD", negate_interval=True),
    414            exp.Decode: lambda self, e: encode_decode_sql(self, e, "FROM_UTF8"),
    415            exp.DiToDate: lambda self,
    416            e: f"CAST(DATE_PARSE(CAST({self.sql(e, 'this')} AS VARCHAR), {Presto.DATEINT_FORMAT}) AS DATE)",
    417            exp.Encode: lambda self, e: encode_decode_sql(self, e, "TO_UTF8"),
    418            exp.FileFormatProperty: lambda self, e: f"FORMAT='{e.name.upper()}'",
    419            exp.First: _first_last_sql,
    420            exp.FirstValue: _first_last_sql,
    421            exp.FromTimeZone: lambda self,
    422            e: f"WITH_TIMEZONE({self.sql(e, 'this')}, {self.sql(e, 'zone')}) AT TIME ZONE 'UTC'",
    423            exp.Group: transforms.preprocess([transforms.unalias_group]),
    424            exp.GroupConcat: lambda self, e: self.func(
    425                "ARRAY_JOIN", self.func("ARRAY_AGG", e.this), e.args.get("separator")
    426            ),
    427            exp.If: if_sql(),
    428            exp.ILike: no_ilike_sql,
    429            exp.Initcap: _initcap_sql,
    430            exp.JSONExtract: _jsonextract_sql,
    431            exp.Last: _first_last_sql,
    432            exp.LastValue: _first_last_sql,
    433            exp.LastDay: lambda self, e: self.func("LAST_DAY_OF_MONTH", e.this),
    434            exp.Lateral: _explode_to_unnest_sql,
    435            exp.Left: left_to_substring_sql,
    436            exp.Levenshtein: rename_func("LEVENSHTEIN_DISTANCE"),
    437            exp.LogicalAnd: rename_func("BOOL_AND"),
    438            exp.LogicalOr: rename_func("BOOL_OR"),
    439            exp.Pivot: no_pivot_sql,
    440            exp.Quantile: _quantile_sql,
    441            exp.RegexpExtract: regexp_extract_sql,
    442            exp.Right: right_to_substring_sql,
    443            exp.SafeDivide: no_safe_divide_sql,
    444            exp.Schema: _schema_sql,
    445            exp.SchemaCommentProperty: lambda self, e: self.naked_property(e),
    446            exp.Select: transforms.preprocess(
    447                [
    448                    transforms.eliminate_qualify,
    449                    transforms.eliminate_distinct_on,
    450                    transforms.explode_to_unnest(1),
    451                    transforms.eliminate_semi_and_anti_joins,
    452                ]
    453            ),
    454            exp.SortArray: _no_sort_array,
    455            exp.StrPosition: lambda self, e: str_position_sql(self, e, generate_instance=True),
    456            exp.StrToDate: lambda self, e: f"CAST({_str_to_time_sql(self, e)} AS DATE)",
    457            exp.StrToMap: rename_func("SPLIT_TO_MAP"),
    458            exp.StrToTime: _str_to_time_sql,
    459            exp.StructExtract: struct_extract_sql,
    460            exp.Table: transforms.preprocess([_unnest_sequence]),
    461            exp.Timestamp: no_timestamp_sql,
    462            exp.TimestampAdd: _date_delta_sql("DATE_ADD"),
    463            exp.TimestampTrunc: timestamptrunc_sql(),
    464            exp.TimeStrToDate: timestrtotime_sql,
    465            exp.TimeStrToTime: timestrtotime_sql,
    466            exp.TimeStrToUnix: lambda self, e: self.func(
    467                "TO_UNIXTIME", self.func("DATE_PARSE", e.this, Presto.TIME_FORMAT)
    468            ),
    469            exp.TimeToStr: lambda self, e: self.func("DATE_FORMAT", e.this, self.format_time(e)),
    470            exp.TimeToUnix: rename_func("TO_UNIXTIME"),
    471            exp.ToChar: lambda self, e: self.func("DATE_FORMAT", e.this, self.format_time(e)),
    472            exp.TryCast: transforms.preprocess([transforms.epoch_cast_to_ts]),
    473            exp.TsOrDiToDi: lambda self,
    474            e: f"CAST(SUBSTR(REPLACE(CAST({self.sql(e, 'this')} AS VARCHAR), '-', ''), 1, 8) AS INT)",
    475            exp.TsOrDsAdd: _ts_or_ds_add_sql,
    476            exp.TsOrDsDiff: _ts_or_ds_diff_sql,
    477            exp.TsOrDsToDate: _ts_or_ds_to_date_sql,
    478            exp.Unhex: rename_func("FROM_HEX"),
    479            exp.UnixToStr: lambda self,
    480            e: f"DATE_FORMAT(FROM_UNIXTIME({self.sql(e, 'this')}), {self.format_time(e)})",
    481            exp.UnixToTime: _unix_to_time_sql,
    482            exp.UnixToTimeStr: lambda self,
    483            e: f"CAST(FROM_UNIXTIME({self.sql(e, 'this')}) AS VARCHAR)",
    484            exp.VariancePop: rename_func("VAR_POP"),
    485            exp.With: transforms.preprocess([transforms.add_recursive_cte_column_names]),
    486            exp.WithinGroup: transforms.preprocess(
    487                [transforms.remove_within_group_for_percentiles]
    488            ),
    489            exp.Xor: bool_xor_sql,
    490            exp.MD5Digest: rename_func("MD5"),
    491            exp.SHA: rename_func("SHA1"),
    492            exp.SHA2: sha256_sql,
    493        }
    494
    495        RESERVED_KEYWORDS = {
    496            "alter",
    497            "and",
    498            "as",
    499            "between",
    500            "by",
    501            "case",
    502            "cast",
    503            "constraint",
    504            "create",
    505            "cross",
    506            "current_time",
    507            "current_timestamp",
    508            "deallocate",
    509            "delete",
    510            "describe",
    511            "distinct",
    512            "drop",
    513            "else",
    514            "end",
    515            "escape",
    516            "except",
    517            "execute",
    518            "exists",
    519            "extract",
    520            "false",
    521            "for",
    522            "from",
    523            "full",
    524            "group",
    525            "having",
    526            "in",
    527            "inner",
    528            "insert",
    529            "intersect",
    530            "into",
    531            "is",
    532            "join",
    533            "left",
    534            "like",
    535            "natural",
    536            "not",
    537            "null",
    538            "on",
    539            "or",
    540            "order",
    541            "outer",
    542            "prepare",
    543            "right",
    544            "select",
    545            "table",
    546            "then",
    547            "true",
    548            "union",
    549            "using",
    550            "values",
    551            "when",
    552            "where",
    553            "with",
    554        }
    555
    556        def md5_sql(self, expression: exp.MD5) -> str:
    557            this = expression.this
    558
    559            if not this.type:
    560                from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
    561
    562                this = annotate_types(this)
    563
    564            if this.is_type(*exp.DataType.TEXT_TYPES):
    565                this = exp.Encode(this=this, charset=exp.Literal.string("utf-8"))
    566
    567            return self.func("LOWER", self.func("TO_HEX", self.func("MD5", self.sql(this))))
    568
    569        def strtounix_sql(self, expression: exp.StrToUnix) -> str:
    570            # Since `TO_UNIXTIME` requires a `TIMESTAMP`, we need to parse the argument into one.
    571            # To do this, we first try to `DATE_PARSE` it, but since this can fail when there's a
    572            # timezone involved, we wrap it in a `TRY` call and use `PARSE_DATETIME` as a fallback,
    573            # which seems to be using the same time mapping as Hive, as per:
    574            # https://joda-time.sourceforge.net/apidocs/org/joda/time/format/DateTimeFormat.html
    575            value_as_text = exp.cast(expression.this, exp.DataType.Type.TEXT)
    576            parse_without_tz = self.func("DATE_PARSE", value_as_text, self.format_time(expression))
    577            parse_with_tz = self.func(
    578                "PARSE_DATETIME",
    579                value_as_text,
    580                self.format_time(expression, Hive.INVERSE_TIME_MAPPING, Hive.INVERSE_TIME_TRIE),
    581            )
    582            coalesced = self.func("COALESCE", self.func("TRY", parse_without_tz), parse_with_tz)
    583            return self.func("TO_UNIXTIME", coalesced)
    584
    585        def bracket_sql(self, expression: exp.Bracket) -> str:
    586            if expression.args.get("safe"):
    587                return self.func(
    588                    "ELEMENT_AT",
    589                    expression.this,
    590                    seq_get(
    591                        apply_index_offset(
    592                            expression.this,
    593                            expression.expressions,
    594                            1 - expression.args.get("offset", 0),
    595                        ),
    596                        0,
    597                    ),
    598                )
    599            return super().bracket_sql(expression)
    600
    601        def struct_sql(self, expression: exp.Struct) -> str:
    602            from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
    603
    604            expression = annotate_types(expression)
    605            values: t.List[str] = []
    606            schema: t.List[str] = []
    607            unknown_type = False
    608
    609            for e in expression.expressions:
    610                if isinstance(e, exp.PropertyEQ):
    611                    if e.type and e.type.is_type(exp.DataType.Type.UNKNOWN):
    612                        unknown_type = True
    613                    else:
    614                        schema.append(f"{self.sql(e, 'this')} {self.sql(e.type)}")
    615                    values.append(self.sql(e, "expression"))
    616                else:
    617                    values.append(self.sql(e))
    618
    619            size = len(expression.expressions)
    620
    621            if not size or len(schema) != size:
    622                if unknown_type:
    623                    self.unsupported(
    624                        "Cannot convert untyped key-value definitions (try annotate_types)."
    625                    )
    626                return self.func("ROW", *values)
    627            return f"CAST(ROW({', '.join(values)}) AS ROW({', '.join(schema)}))"
    628
    629        def interval_sql(self, expression: exp.Interval) -> str:
    630            if expression.this and expression.text("unit").upper().startswith("WEEK"):
    631                return f"({expression.this.name} * INTERVAL '7' DAY)"
    632            return super().interval_sql(expression)
    633
    634        def transaction_sql(self, expression: exp.Transaction) -> str:
    635            modes = expression.args.get("modes")
    636            modes = f" {', '.join(modes)}" if modes else ""
    637            return f"START TRANSACTION{modes}"
    638
    639        def generateseries_sql(self, expression: exp.GenerateSeries) -> str:
    640            start = expression.args["start"]
    641            end = expression.args["end"]
    642            step = expression.args.get("step")
    643
    644            if isinstance(start, exp.Cast):
    645                target_type = start.to
    646            elif isinstance(end, exp.Cast):
    647                target_type = end.to
    648            else:
    649                target_type = None
    650
    651            if target_type and target_type.is_type("timestamp"):
    652                if target_type is start.to:
    653                    end = exp.cast(end, target_type)
    654                else:
    655                    start = exp.cast(start, target_type)
    656
    657            return self.func("SEQUENCE", start, end, step)
    658
    659        def offset_limit_modifiers(
    660            self, expression: exp.Expression, fetch: bool, limit: t.Optional[exp.Fetch | exp.Limit]
    661        ) -> t.List[str]:
    662            return [
    663                self.sql(expression, "offset"),
    664                self.sql(limit),
    665            ]
    666
    667        def create_sql(self, expression: exp.Create) -> str:
    668            """
    669            Presto doesn't support CREATE VIEW with expressions (ex: `CREATE VIEW x (cola)` then `(cola)` is the expression),
    670            so we need to remove them
    671            """
    672            kind = expression.args["kind"]
    673            schema = expression.this
    674            if kind == "VIEW" and schema.expressions:
    675                expression.this.set("expressions", None)
    676            return super().create_sql(expression)
    677
    678        def delete_sql(self, expression: exp.Delete) -> str:
    679            """
    680            Presto only supports DELETE FROM for a single table without an alias, so we need
    681            to remove the unnecessary parts. If the original DELETE statement contains more
    682            than one table to be deleted, we can't safely map it 1-1 to a Presto statement.
    683            """
    684            tables = expression.args.get("tables") or [expression.this]
    685            if len(tables) > 1:
    686                return super().delete_sql(expression)
    687
    688            table = tables[0]
    689            expression.set("this", table)
    690            expression.set("tables", None)
    691
    692            if isinstance(table, exp.Table):
    693                table_alias = table.args.get("alias")
    694                if table_alias:
    695                    table_alias.pop()
    696                    expression = t.cast(exp.Delete, expression.transform(unqualify_columns))
    697
    698            return super().delete_sql(expression)

DATE_ADD_OR_SUB = typing.Union[sqlglot.expressions.DateAdd, sqlglot.expressions.TimestampAdd, sqlglot.expressions.DateSub]
class Presto(sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect): View Source

    244class Presto(Dialect):
    245    INDEX_OFFSET = 1
    246    NULL_ORDERING = "nulls_are_last"
    247    TIME_FORMAT = MySQL.TIME_FORMAT
    248    TIME_MAPPING = MySQL.TIME_MAPPING
    249    STRICT_STRING_CONCAT = True
    250    SUPPORTS_SEMI_ANTI_JOIN = False
    251    TYPED_DIVISION = True
    252    TABLESAMPLE_SIZE_IS_PERCENT = True
    253    LOG_BASE_FIRST: t.Optional[bool] = None
    254
    255    # https://github.com/trinodb/trino/issues/17
    256    # https://github.com/trinodb/trino/issues/12289
    257    # https://github.com/prestodb/presto/issues/2863
    258    NORMALIZATION_STRATEGY = NormalizationStrategy.CASE_INSENSITIVE
    259
    260    class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer):
    261        UNICODE_STRINGS = [
    262            (prefix + q, q)
    263            for q in t.cast(t.List[str], tokens.Tokenizer.QUOTES)
    264            for prefix in ("U&", "u&")
    265        ]
    266
    267        KEYWORDS = {
    268            **tokens.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,
    269            "START": TokenType.BEGIN,
    270            "MATCH_RECOGNIZE": TokenType.MATCH_RECOGNIZE,
    271            "ROW": TokenType.STRUCT,
    272            "IPADDRESS": TokenType.IPADDRESS,
    273            "IPPREFIX": TokenType.IPPREFIX,
    274            "TDIGEST": TokenType.TDIGEST,
    275            "HYPERLOGLOG": TokenType.HLLSKETCH,
    276        }
    277        KEYWORDS.pop("/*+")
    278        KEYWORDS.pop("QUALIFY")
    279
    280    class Parser(parser.Parser):
    281        VALUES_FOLLOWED_BY_PAREN = False
    282
    283        FUNCTIONS = {
    284            **parser.Parser.FUNCTIONS,
    285            "ARBITRARY": exp.AnyValue.from_arg_list,
    286            "APPROX_DISTINCT": exp.ApproxDistinct.from_arg_list,
    287            "APPROX_PERCENTILE": _build_approx_percentile,
    288            "BITWISE_AND": binary_from_function(exp.BitwiseAnd),
    289            "BITWISE_NOT": lambda args: exp.BitwiseNot(this=seq_get(args, 0)),
    290            "BITWISE_OR": binary_from_function(exp.BitwiseOr),
    291            "BITWISE_XOR": binary_from_function(exp.BitwiseXor),
    292            "CARDINALITY": exp.ArraySize.from_arg_list,
    293            "CONTAINS": exp.ArrayContains.from_arg_list,
    294            "DATE_ADD": lambda args: exp.DateAdd(
    295                this=seq_get(args, 2), expression=seq_get(args, 1), unit=seq_get(args, 0)
    296            ),
    297            "DATE_DIFF": lambda args: exp.DateDiff(
    298                this=seq_get(args, 2), expression=seq_get(args, 1), unit=seq_get(args, 0)
    299            ),
    300            "DATE_FORMAT": build_formatted_time(exp.TimeToStr, "presto"),
    301            "DATE_PARSE": build_formatted_time(exp.StrToTime, "presto"),
    302            "DATE_TRUNC": date_trunc_to_time,
    303            "ELEMENT_AT": lambda args: exp.Bracket(
    304                this=seq_get(args, 0), expressions=[seq_get(args, 1)], offset=1, safe=True
    305            ),
    306            "FROM_HEX": exp.Unhex.from_arg_list,
    307            "FROM_UNIXTIME": _build_from_unixtime,
    308            "FROM_UTF8": lambda args: exp.Decode(
    309                this=seq_get(args, 0), replace=seq_get(args, 1), charset=exp.Literal.string("utf-8")
    310            ),
    311            "NOW": exp.CurrentTimestamp.from_arg_list,
    312            "REGEXP_EXTRACT": lambda args: exp.RegexpExtract(
    313                this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=seq_get(args, 1), group=seq_get(args, 2)
    314            ),
    315            "REGEXP_REPLACE": lambda args: exp.RegexpReplace(
    316                this=seq_get(args, 0),
    317                expression=seq_get(args, 1),
    318                replacement=seq_get(args, 2) or exp.Literal.string(""),
    319            ),
    320            "ROW": exp.Struct.from_arg_list,
    321            "SEQUENCE": exp.GenerateSeries.from_arg_list,
    322            "SET_AGG": exp.ArrayUniqueAgg.from_arg_list,
    323            "SPLIT_TO_MAP": exp.StrToMap.from_arg_list,
    324            "STRPOS": lambda args: exp.StrPosition(
    325                this=seq_get(args, 0), substr=seq_get(args, 1), instance=seq_get(args, 2)
    326            ),
    327            "TO_CHAR": _build_to_char,
    328            "TO_UNIXTIME": exp.TimeToUnix.from_arg_list,
    329            "TO_UTF8": lambda args: exp.Encode(
    330                this=seq_get(args, 0), charset=exp.Literal.string("utf-8")
    331            ),
    332            "MD5": exp.MD5Digest.from_arg_list,
    333            "SHA256": lambda args: exp.SHA2(this=seq_get(args, 0), length=exp.Literal.number(256)),
    334            "SHA512": lambda args: exp.SHA2(this=seq_get(args, 0), length=exp.Literal.number(512)),
    335        }
    336
    337        FUNCTION_PARSERS = parser.Parser.FUNCTION_PARSERS.copy()
    338        FUNCTION_PARSERS.pop("TRIM")
    339
    340    class Generator(generator.Generator):
    341        INTERVAL_ALLOWS_PLURAL_FORM = False
    342        JOIN_HINTS = False
    343        TABLE_HINTS = False
    344        QUERY_HINTS = False
    345        IS_BOOL_ALLOWED = False
    346        TZ_TO_WITH_TIME_ZONE = True
    347        NVL2_SUPPORTED = False
    348        STRUCT_DELIMITER = ("(", ")")
    349        LIMIT_ONLY_LITERALS = True
    350        SUPPORTS_SINGLE_ARG_CONCAT = False
    351        LIKE_PROPERTY_INSIDE_SCHEMA = True
    352        MULTI_ARG_DISTINCT = False
    353        SUPPORTS_TO_NUMBER = False
    354        HEX_FUNC = "TO_HEX"
    355        PARSE_JSON_NAME = "JSON_PARSE"
    356        PAD_FILL_PATTERN_IS_REQUIRED = True
    357
    358        PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {
    359            **generator.Generator.PROPERTIES_LOCATION,
    360            exp.LocationProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
    361            exp.VolatileProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
    362        }
    363
    364        TYPE_MAPPING = {
    365            **generator.Generator.TYPE_MAPPING,
    366            exp.DataType.Type.INT: "INTEGER",
    367            exp.DataType.Type.FLOAT: "REAL",
    368            exp.DataType.Type.BINARY: "VARBINARY",
    369            exp.DataType.Type.TEXT: "VARCHAR",
    370            exp.DataType.Type.TIMETZ: "TIME",
    371            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPTZ: "TIMESTAMP",
    372            exp.DataType.Type.STRUCT: "ROW",
    373            exp.DataType.Type.DATETIME: "TIMESTAMP",
    374            exp.DataType.Type.DATETIME64: "TIMESTAMP",
    375            exp.DataType.Type.HLLSKETCH: "HYPERLOGLOG",
    376        }
    377
    378        TRANSFORMS = {
    379            **generator.Generator.TRANSFORMS,
    380            exp.AnyValue: rename_func("ARBITRARY"),
    381            exp.ApproxDistinct: lambda self, e: self.func(
    382                "APPROX_DISTINCT", e.this, e.args.get("accuracy")
    383            ),
    384            exp.ApproxQuantile: rename_func("APPROX_PERCENTILE"),
    385            exp.ArgMax: rename_func("MAX_BY"),
    386            exp.ArgMin: rename_func("MIN_BY"),
    387            exp.Array: lambda self, e: f"ARRAY[{self.expressions(e, flat=True)}]",
    388            exp.ArrayAny: rename_func("ANY_MATCH"),
    389            exp.ArrayConcat: rename_func("CONCAT"),
    390            exp.ArrayContains: rename_func("CONTAINS"),
    391            exp.ArraySize: rename_func("CARDINALITY"),
    392            exp.ArrayToString: rename_func("ARRAY_JOIN"),
    393            exp.ArrayUniqueAgg: rename_func("SET_AGG"),
    394            exp.AtTimeZone: rename_func("AT_TIMEZONE"),
    395            exp.BitwiseAnd: lambda self, e: self.func("BITWISE_AND", e.this, e.expression),
    396            exp.BitwiseLeftShift: lambda self, e: self.func(
    397                "BITWISE_ARITHMETIC_SHIFT_LEFT", e.this, e.expression
    398            ),
    399            exp.BitwiseNot: lambda self, e: self.func("BITWISE_NOT", e.this),
    400            exp.BitwiseOr: lambda self, e: self.func("BITWISE_OR", e.this, e.expression),
    401            exp.BitwiseRightShift: lambda self, e: self.func(
    402                "BITWISE_ARITHMETIC_SHIFT_RIGHT", e.this, e.expression
    403            ),
    404            exp.BitwiseXor: lambda self, e: self.func("BITWISE_XOR", e.this, e.expression),
    405            exp.Cast: transforms.preprocess([transforms.epoch_cast_to_ts]),
    406            exp.CurrentTimestamp: lambda *_: "CURRENT_TIMESTAMP",
    407            exp.DateAdd: _date_delta_sql("DATE_ADD"),
    408            exp.DateDiff: lambda self, e: self.func(
    409                "DATE_DIFF", unit_to_str(e), e.expression, e.this
    410            ),
    411            exp.DateStrToDate: datestrtodate_sql,
    412            exp.DateToDi: lambda self,
    413            e: f"CAST(DATE_FORMAT({self.sql(e, 'this')}, {Presto.DATEINT_FORMAT}) AS INT)",
    414            exp.DateSub: _date_delta_sql("DATE_ADD", negate_interval=True),
    415            exp.Decode: lambda self, e: encode_decode_sql(self, e, "FROM_UTF8"),
    416            exp.DiToDate: lambda self,
    417            e: f"CAST(DATE_PARSE(CAST({self.sql(e, 'this')} AS VARCHAR), {Presto.DATEINT_FORMAT}) AS DATE)",
    418            exp.Encode: lambda self, e: encode_decode_sql(self, e, "TO_UTF8"),
    419            exp.FileFormatProperty: lambda self, e: f"FORMAT='{e.name.upper()}'",
    420            exp.First: _first_last_sql,
    421            exp.FirstValue: _first_last_sql,
    422            exp.FromTimeZone: lambda self,
    423            e: f"WITH_TIMEZONE({self.sql(e, 'this')}, {self.sql(e, 'zone')}) AT TIME ZONE 'UTC'",
    424            exp.Group: transforms.preprocess([transforms.unalias_group]),
    425            exp.GroupConcat: lambda self, e: self.func(
    426                "ARRAY_JOIN", self.func("ARRAY_AGG", e.this), e.args.get("separator")
    427            ),
    428            exp.If: if_sql(),
    429            exp.ILike: no_ilike_sql,
    430            exp.Initcap: _initcap_sql,
    431            exp.JSONExtract: _jsonextract_sql,
    432            exp.Last: _first_last_sql,
    433            exp.LastValue: _first_last_sql,
    434            exp.LastDay: lambda self, e: self.func("LAST_DAY_OF_MONTH", e.this),
    435            exp.Lateral: _explode_to_unnest_sql,
    436            exp.Left: left_to_substring_sql,
    437            exp.Levenshtein: rename_func("LEVENSHTEIN_DISTANCE"),
    438            exp.LogicalAnd: rename_func("BOOL_AND"),
    439            exp.LogicalOr: rename_func("BOOL_OR"),
    440            exp.Pivot: no_pivot_sql,
    441            exp.Quantile: _quantile_sql,
    442            exp.RegexpExtract: regexp_extract_sql,
    443            exp.Right: right_to_substring_sql,
    444            exp.SafeDivide: no_safe_divide_sql,
    445            exp.Schema: _schema_sql,
    446            exp.SchemaCommentProperty: lambda self, e: self.naked_property(e),
    447            exp.Select: transforms.preprocess(
    448                [
    449                    transforms.eliminate_qualify,
    450                    transforms.eliminate_distinct_on,
    451                    transforms.explode_to_unnest(1),
    452                    transforms.eliminate_semi_and_anti_joins,
    453                ]
    454            ),
    455            exp.SortArray: _no_sort_array,
    456            exp.StrPosition: lambda self, e: str_position_sql(self, e, generate_instance=True),
    457            exp.StrToDate: lambda self, e: f"CAST({_str_to_time_sql(self, e)} AS DATE)",
    458            exp.StrToMap: rename_func("SPLIT_TO_MAP"),
    459            exp.StrToTime: _str_to_time_sql,
    460            exp.StructExtract: struct_extract_sql,
    461            exp.Table: transforms.preprocess([_unnest_sequence]),
    462            exp.Timestamp: no_timestamp_sql,
    463            exp.TimestampAdd: _date_delta_sql("DATE_ADD"),
    464            exp.TimestampTrunc: timestamptrunc_sql(),
    465            exp.TimeStrToDate: timestrtotime_sql,
    466            exp.TimeStrToTime: timestrtotime_sql,
    467            exp.TimeStrToUnix: lambda self, e: self.func(
    468                "TO_UNIXTIME", self.func("DATE_PARSE", e.this, Presto.TIME_FORMAT)
    469            ),
    470            exp.TimeToStr: lambda self, e: self.func("DATE_FORMAT", e.this, self.format_time(e)),
    471            exp.TimeToUnix: rename_func("TO_UNIXTIME"),
    472            exp.ToChar: lambda self, e: self.func("DATE_FORMAT", e.this, self.format_time(e)),
    473            exp.TryCast: transforms.preprocess([transforms.epoch_cast_to_ts]),
    474            exp.TsOrDiToDi: lambda self,
    475            e: f"CAST(SUBSTR(REPLACE(CAST({self.sql(e, 'this')} AS VARCHAR), '-', ''), 1, 8) AS INT)",
    476            exp.TsOrDsAdd: _ts_or_ds_add_sql,
    477            exp.TsOrDsDiff: _ts_or_ds_diff_sql,
    478            exp.TsOrDsToDate: _ts_or_ds_to_date_sql,
    479            exp.Unhex: rename_func("FROM_HEX"),
    480            exp.UnixToStr: lambda self,
    481            e: f"DATE_FORMAT(FROM_UNIXTIME({self.sql(e, 'this')}), {self.format_time(e)})",
    482            exp.UnixToTime: _unix_to_time_sql,
    483            exp.UnixToTimeStr: lambda self,
    484            e: f"CAST(FROM_UNIXTIME({self.sql(e, 'this')}) AS VARCHAR)",
    485            exp.VariancePop: rename_func("VAR_POP"),
    486            exp.With: transforms.preprocess([transforms.add_recursive_cte_column_names]),
    487            exp.WithinGroup: transforms.preprocess(
    488                [transforms.remove_within_group_for_percentiles]
    489            ),
    490            exp.Xor: bool_xor_sql,
    491            exp.MD5Digest: rename_func("MD5"),
    492            exp.SHA: rename_func("SHA1"),
    493            exp.SHA2: sha256_sql,
    494        }
    495
    496        RESERVED_KEYWORDS = {
    497            "alter",
    498            "and",
    499            "as",
    500            "between",
    501            "by",
    502            "case",
    503            "cast",
    504            "constraint",
    505            "create",
    506            "cross",
    507            "current_time",
    508            "current_timestamp",
    509            "deallocate",
    510            "delete",
    511            "describe",
    512            "distinct",
    513            "drop",
    514            "else",
    515            "end",
    516            "escape",
    517            "except",
    518            "execute",
    519            "exists",
    520            "extract",
    521            "false",
    522            "for",
    523            "from",
    524            "full",
    525            "group",
    526            "having",
    527            "in",
    528            "inner",
    529            "insert",
    530            "intersect",
    531            "into",
    532            "is",
    533            "join",
    534            "left",
    535            "like",
    536            "natural",
    537            "not",
    538            "null",
    539            "on",
    540            "or",
    541            "order",
    542            "outer",
    543            "prepare",
    544            "right",
    545            "select",
    546            "table",
    547            "then",
    548            "true",
    549            "union",
    550            "using",
    551            "values",
    552            "when",
    553            "where",
    554            "with",
    555        }
    556
    557        def md5_sql(self, expression: exp.MD5) -> str:
    558            this = expression.this
    559
    560            if not this.type:
    561                from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
    562
    563                this = annotate_types(this)
    564
    565            if this.is_type(*exp.DataType.TEXT_TYPES):
    566                this = exp.Encode(this=this, charset=exp.Literal.string("utf-8"))
    567
    568            return self.func("LOWER", self.func("TO_HEX", self.func("MD5", self.sql(this))))
    569
    570        def strtounix_sql(self, expression: exp.StrToUnix) -> str:
    571            # Since `TO_UNIXTIME` requires a `TIMESTAMP`, we need to parse the argument into one.
    572            # To do this, we first try to `DATE_PARSE` it, but since this can fail when there's a
    573            # timezone involved, we wrap it in a `TRY` call and use `PARSE_DATETIME` as a fallback,
    574            # which seems to be using the same time mapping as Hive, as per:
    575            # https://joda-time.sourceforge.net/apidocs/org/joda/time/format/DateTimeFormat.html
    576            value_as_text = exp.cast(expression.this, exp.DataType.Type.TEXT)
    577            parse_without_tz = self.func("DATE_PARSE", value_as_text, self.format_time(expression))
    578            parse_with_tz = self.func(
    579                "PARSE_DATETIME",
    580                value_as_text,
    581                self.format_time(expression, Hive.INVERSE_TIME_MAPPING, Hive.INVERSE_TIME_TRIE),
    582            )
    583            coalesced = self.func("COALESCE", self.func("TRY", parse_without_tz), parse_with_tz)
    584            return self.func("TO_UNIXTIME", coalesced)
    585
    586        def bracket_sql(self, expression: exp.Bracket) -> str:
    587            if expression.args.get("safe"):
    588                return self.func(
    589                    "ELEMENT_AT",
    590                    expression.this,
    591                    seq_get(
    592                        apply_index_offset(
    593                            expression.this,
    594                            expression.expressions,
    595                            1 - expression.args.get("offset", 0),
    596                        ),
    597                        0,
    598                    ),
    599                )
    600            return super().bracket_sql(expression)
    601
    602        def struct_sql(self, expression: exp.Struct) -> str:
    603            from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
    604
    605            expression = annotate_types(expression)
    606            values: t.List[str] = []
    607            schema: t.List[str] = []
    608            unknown_type = False
    609
    610            for e in expression.expressions:
    611                if isinstance(e, exp.PropertyEQ):
    612                    if e.type and e.type.is_type(exp.DataType.Type.UNKNOWN):
    613                        unknown_type = True
    614                    else:
    615                        schema.append(f"{self.sql(e, 'this')} {self.sql(e.type)}")
    616                    values.append(self.sql(e, "expression"))
    617                else:
    618                    values.append(self.sql(e))
    619
    620            size = len(expression.expressions)
    621
    622            if not size or len(schema) != size:
    623                if unknown_type:
    624                    self.unsupported(
    625                        "Cannot convert untyped key-value definitions (try annotate_types)."
    626                    )
    627                return self.func("ROW", *values)
    628            return f"CAST(ROW({', '.join(values)}) AS ROW({', '.join(schema)}))"
    629
    630        def interval_sql(self, expression: exp.Interval) -> str:
    631            if expression.this and expression.text("unit").upper().startswith("WEEK"):
    632                return f"({expression.this.name} * INTERVAL '7' DAY)"
    633            return super().interval_sql(expression)
    634
    635        def transaction_sql(self, expression: exp.Transaction) -> str:
    636            modes = expression.args.get("modes")
    637            modes = f" {', '.join(modes)}" if modes else ""
    638            return f"START TRANSACTION{modes}"
    639
    640        def generateseries_sql(self, expression: exp.GenerateSeries) -> str:
    641            start = expression.args["start"]
    642            end = expression.args["end"]
    643            step = expression.args.get("step")
    644
    645            if isinstance(start, exp.Cast):
    646                target_type = start.to
    647            elif isinstance(end, exp.Cast):
    648                target_type = end.to
    649            else:
    650                target_type = None
    651
    652            if target_type and target_type.is_type("timestamp"):
    653                if target_type is start.to:
    654                    end = exp.cast(end, target_type)
    655                else:
    656                    start = exp.cast(start, target_type)
    657
    658            return self.func("SEQUENCE", start, end, step)
    659
    660        def offset_limit_modifiers(
    661            self, expression: exp.Expression, fetch: bool, limit: t.Optional[exp.Fetch | exp.Limit]
    662        ) -> t.List[str]:
    663            return [
    664                self.sql(expression, "offset"),
    665                self.sql(limit),
    666            ]
    667
    668        def create_sql(self, expression: exp.Create) -> str:
    669            """
    670            Presto doesn't support CREATE VIEW with expressions (ex: `CREATE VIEW x (cola)` then `(cola)` is the expression),
    671            so we need to remove them
    672            """
    673            kind = expression.args["kind"]
    674            schema = expression.this
    675            if kind == "VIEW" and schema.expressions:
    676                expression.this.set("expressions", None)
    677            return super().create_sql(expression)
    678
    679        def delete_sql(self, expression: exp.Delete) -> str:
    680            """
    681            Presto only supports DELETE FROM for a single table without an alias, so we need
    682            to remove the unnecessary parts. If the original DELETE statement contains more
    683            than one table to be deleted, we can't safely map it 1-1 to a Presto statement.
    684            """
    685            tables = expression.args.get("tables") or [expression.this]
    686            if len(tables) > 1:
    687                return super().delete_sql(expression)
    688
    689            table = tables[0]
    690            expression.set("this", table)
    691            expression.set("tables", None)
    692
    693            if isinstance(table, exp.Table):
    694                table_alias = table.args.get("alias")
    695                if table_alias:
    696                    table_alias.pop()
    697                    expression = t.cast(exp.Delete, expression.transform(unqualify_columns))
    698
    699            return super().delete_sql(expression)

INDEX_OFFSET = 1

The base index offset for arrays.

NULL_ORDERING = 'nulls_are_last'

Default `NULL` ordering method to use if not explicitly set. Possible values: `"nulls_are_small"`, `"nulls_are_large"`, `"nulls_are_last"`

TIME_FORMAT = "'%Y-%m-%d %T'"
TIME_MAPPING = {'%M': '%B', '%c': '%-m', '%e': '%-d', '%h': '%I', '%i': '%M', '%s': '%S', '%u': '%W', '%k': '%-H', '%l': '%-I', '%T': '%H:%M:%S', '%W': '%a'}

Associates this dialect's time formats with their equivalent Python `strftime` formats.

STRICT_STRING_CONCAT = True

Whether `CONCAT`'s arguments must be strings.

SUPPORTS_SEMI_ANTI_JOIN = False

Whether `SEMI` or `ANTI` joins are supported.

TYPED_DIVISION = True

Whether the behavior of `a / b` depends on the types of `a` and `b`. False means `a / b` is always float division. True means `a / b` is integer division if both `a` and `b` are integers.

TABLESAMPLE_SIZE_IS_PERCENT = True

Whether a size in the table sample clause represents percentage.

LOG_BASE_FIRST: Optional[bool] = None

Whether the base comes first in the `LOG` function. Possible values: `True`, `False`, `None` (two arguments are not supported by `LOG`)

NORMALIZATION_STRATEGY = <NormalizationStrategy.CASE_INSENSITIVE: 'CASE_INSENSITIVE'>

Specifies the strategy according to which identifiers should be normalized.

SUPPORTS_COLUMN_JOIN_MARKS = False

Whether the old-style outer join (+) syntax is supported.

tokenizer_class = <class 'Presto.Tokenizer'>
jsonpath_tokenizer_class = <class 'sqlglot.tokens.JSONPathTokenizer'>
parser_class = <class 'Presto.Parser'>
generator_class = <class 'Presto.Generator'>
TIME_TRIE: Dict = {'%': {'M': {0: True}, 'c': {0: True}, 'e': {0: True}, 'h': {0: True}, 'i': {0: True}, 's': {0: True}, 'u': {0: True}, 'k': {0: True}, 'l': {0: True}, 'T': {0: True}, 'W': {0: True}}}
FORMAT_TRIE: Dict = {'%': {'M': {0: True}, 'c': {0: True}, 'e': {0: True}, 'h': {0: True}, 'i': {0: True}, 's': {0: True}, 'u': {0: True}, 'k': {0: True}, 'l': {0: True}, 'T': {0: True}, 'W': {0: True}}}
INVERSE_TIME_MAPPING: Dict[str, str] = {'%B': '%M', '%-m': '%c', '%-d': '%e', '%I': '%h', '%M': '%i', '%S': '%s', '%W': '%u', '%-H': '%k', '%-I': '%l', '%H:%M:%S': '%T', '%a': '%W'}
INVERSE_TIME_TRIE: Dict = {'%': {'B': {0: True}, '-': {'m': {0: True}, 'd': {0: True}, 'H': {0: True}, 'I': {0: True}}, 'I': {0: True}, 'M': {0: True}, 'S': {0: True}, 'W': {0: True}, 'H': {':': {'%': {'M': {':': {'%': {'S': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'a': {0: True}}}
INVERSE_FORMAT_MAPPING: Dict[str, str] = {}
INVERSE_FORMAT_TRIE: Dict = {}
ESCAPED_SEQUENCES: Dict[str, str] = {}
QUOTE_START = "'"
QUOTE_END = "'"
IDENTIFIER_START = '"'
IDENTIFIER_END = '"'
BIT_START: Optional[str] = None
BIT_END: Optional[str] = None
HEX_START: Optional[str] = None
HEX_END: Optional[str] = None
BYTE_START: Optional[str] = None
BYTE_END: Optional[str] = None
UNICODE_START: Optional[str] = "U&'"
UNICODE_END: Optional[str] = "'"

##### Inherited Members

sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect
  Dialect
  WEEK_OFFSET
  UNNEST_COLUMN_ONLY
  ALIAS_POST_TABLESAMPLE
  IDENTIFIERS_CAN_START_WITH_DIGIT
  DPIPE_IS_STRING_CONCAT
  SUPPORTS_USER_DEFINED_TYPES
  COPY_PARAMS_ARE_CSV
  NORMALIZE_FUNCTIONS
  SAFE_DIVISION
  CONCAT_COALESCE
  HEX_LOWERCASE
  DATE_FORMAT
  DATEINT_FORMAT
  FORMAT_MAPPING
  UNESCAPED_SEQUENCES
  PSEUDOCOLUMNS
  PREFER_CTE_ALIAS_COLUMN
  FORCE_EARLY_ALIAS_REF_EXPANSION
  EXPAND_ALIAS_REFS_EARLY_ONLY_IN_GROUP_BY
  SUPPORTS_ORDER_BY_ALL
  DATE_PART_MAPPING
  get_or_raise
  format_time
  settings
  normalize_identifier
  case_sensitive
  can_identify
  quote_identifier
  to_json_path
  parse
  parse_into
  generate
  transpile
  tokenize
  tokenizer
  jsonpath_tokenizer
  parser
  generator

class Presto.Tokenizer(sqlglot.tokens.Tokenizer): View Source

    260    class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer):
    261        UNICODE_STRINGS = [
    262            (prefix + q, q)
    263            for q in t.cast(t.List[str], tokens.Tokenizer.QUOTES)
    264            for prefix in ("U&", "u&")
    265        ]
    266
    267        KEYWORDS = {
    268            **tokens.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,
    269            "START": TokenType.BEGIN,
    270            "MATCH_RECOGNIZE": TokenType.MATCH_RECOGNIZE,
    271            "ROW": TokenType.STRUCT,
    272            "IPADDRESS": TokenType.IPADDRESS,
    273            "IPPREFIX": TokenType.IPPREFIX,
    274            "TDIGEST": TokenType.TDIGEST,
    275            "HYPERLOGLOG": TokenType.HLLSKETCH,
    276        }
    277        KEYWORDS.pop("/*+")
    278        KEYWORDS.pop("QUALIFY")

UNICODE_STRINGS = [("U&'", "'"), ("u&'", "'")]
KEYWORDS = {'{%': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '{%+': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '{%-': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '+%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '-%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '{{+': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '{{-': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '+}}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '-}}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '==': <TokenType.EQ: 'EQ'>, '::': <TokenType.DCOLON: 'DCOLON'>, '||': <TokenType.DPIPE: 'DPIPE'>, '>=': <TokenType.GTE: 'GTE'>, '<=': <TokenType.LTE: 'LTE'>, '<>': <TokenType.NEQ: 'NEQ'>, '!=': <TokenType.NEQ: 'NEQ'>, ':=': <TokenType.COLON_EQ: 'COLON_EQ'>, '<=>': <TokenType.NULLSAFE_EQ: 'NULLSAFE_EQ'>, '->': <TokenType.ARROW: 'ARROW'>, '->>': <TokenType.DARROW: 'DARROW'>, '=>': <TokenType.FARROW: 'FARROW'>, '#>': <TokenType.HASH_ARROW: 'HASH_ARROW'>, '#>>': <TokenType.DHASH_ARROW: 'DHASH_ARROW'>, '<->': <TokenType.LR_ARROW: 'LR_ARROW'>, '&&': <TokenType.DAMP: 'DAMP'>, '??': <TokenType.DQMARK: 'DQMARK'>, 'ALL': <TokenType.ALL: 'ALL'>, 'ALWAYS': <TokenType.ALWAYS: 'ALWAYS'>, 'AND': <TokenType.AND: 'AND'>, 'ANTI': <TokenType.ANTI: 'ANTI'>, 'ANY': <TokenType.ANY: 'ANY'>, 'ASC': <TokenType.ASC: 'ASC'>, 'AS': <TokenType.ALIAS: 'ALIAS'>, 'ASOF': <TokenType.ASOF: 'ASOF'>, 'AUTOINCREMENT': <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 'AUTO_INCREMENT'>, 'AUTO_INCREMENT': <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 'AUTO_INCREMENT'>, 'BEGIN': <TokenType.BEGIN: 'BEGIN'>, 'BETWEEN': <TokenType.BETWEEN: 'BETWEEN'>, 'CACHE': <TokenType.CACHE: 'CACHE'>, 'UNCACHE': <TokenType.UNCACHE: 'UNCACHE'>, 'CASE': <TokenType.CASE: 'CASE'>, 'CHARACTER SET': <TokenType.CHARACTER_SET: 'CHARACTER_SET'>, 'CLUSTER BY': <TokenType.CLUSTER_BY: 'CLUSTER_BY'>, 'COLLATE': <TokenType.COLLATE: 'COLLATE'>, 'COLUMN': <TokenType.COLUMN: 'COLUMN'>, 'COMMIT': <TokenType.COMMIT: 'COMMIT'>, 'CONNECT BY': <TokenType.CONNECT_BY: 'CONNECT_BY'>, 'CONSTRAINT': <TokenType.CONSTRAINT: 'CONSTRAINT'>, 'COPY': <TokenType.COPY: 'COPY'>, 'CREATE': <TokenType.CREATE: 'CREATE'>, 'CROSS': <TokenType.CROSS: 'CROSS'>, 'CUBE': <TokenType.CUBE: 'CUBE'>, 'CURRENT_DATE': <TokenType.CURRENT_DATE: 'CURRENT_DATE'>, 'CURRENT_TIME': <TokenType.CURRENT_TIME: 'CURRENT_TIME'>, 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP': <TokenType.CURRENT_TIMESTAMP: 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP'>, 'CURRENT_USER': <TokenType.CURRENT_USER: 'CURRENT_USER'>, 'DATABASE': <TokenType.DATABASE: 'DATABASE'>, 'DEFAULT': <TokenType.DEFAULT: 'DEFAULT'>, 'DELETE': <TokenType.DELETE: 'DELETE'>, 'DESC': <TokenType.DESC: 'DESC'>, 'DESCRIBE': <TokenType.DESCRIBE: 'DESCRIBE'>, 'DISTINCT': <TokenType.DISTINCT: 'DISTINCT'>, 'DISTRIBUTE BY': <TokenType.DISTRIBUTE_BY: 'DISTRIBUTE_BY'>, 'DIV': <TokenType.DIV: 'DIV'>, 'DROP': <TokenType.DROP: 'DROP'>, 'ELSE': <TokenType.ELSE: 'ELSE'>, 'END': <TokenType.END: 'END'>, 'ENUM': <TokenType.ENUM: 'ENUM'>, 'ESCAPE': <TokenType.ESCAPE: 'ESCAPE'>, 'EXCEPT': <TokenType.EXCEPT: 'EXCEPT'>, 'EXECUTE': <TokenType.EXECUTE: 'EXECUTE'>, 'EXISTS': <TokenType.EXISTS: 'EXISTS'>, 'FALSE': <TokenType.FALSE: 'FALSE'>, 'FETCH': <TokenType.FETCH: 'FETCH'>, 'FILTER': <TokenType.FILTER: 'FILTER'>, 'FIRST': <TokenType.FIRST: 'FIRST'>, 'FULL': <TokenType.FULL: 'FULL'>, 'FUNCTION': <TokenType.FUNCTION: 'FUNCTION'>, 'FOR': <TokenType.FOR: 'FOR'>, 'FOREIGN KEY': <TokenType.FOREIGN_KEY: 'FOREIGN_KEY'>, 'FORMAT': <TokenType.FORMAT: 'FORMAT'>, 'FROM': <TokenType.FROM: 'FROM'>, 'GEOGRAPHY': <TokenType.GEOGRAPHY: 'GEOGRAPHY'>, 'GEOMETRY': <TokenType.GEOMETRY: 'GEOMETRY'>, 'GLOB': <TokenType.GLOB: 'GLOB'>, 'GROUP BY': <TokenType.GROUP_BY: 'GROUP_BY'>, 'GROUPING SETS': <TokenType.GROUPING_SETS: 'GROUPING_SETS'>, 'HAVING': <TokenType.HAVING: 'HAVING'>, 'ILIKE': <TokenType.ILIKE: 'ILIKE'>, 'IN': <TokenType.IN: 'IN'>, 'INDEX': <TokenType.INDEX: 'INDEX'>, 'INET': <TokenType.INET: 'INET'>, 'INNER': <TokenType.INNER: 'INNER'>, 'INSERT': <TokenType.INSERT: 'INSERT'>, 'INTERVAL': <TokenType.INTERVAL: 'INTERVAL'>, 'INTERSECT': <TokenType.INTERSECT: 'INTERSECT'>, 'INTO': <TokenType.INTO: 'INTO'>, 'IS': <TokenType.IS: 'IS'>, 'ISNULL': <TokenType.ISNULL: 'ISNULL'>, 'JOIN': <TokenType.JOIN: 'JOIN'>, 'KEEP': <TokenType.KEEP: 'KEEP'>, 'KILL': <TokenType.KILL: 'KILL'>, 'LATERAL': <TokenType.LATERAL: 'LATERAL'>, 'LEFT': <TokenType.LEFT: 'LEFT'>, 'LIKE': <TokenType.LIKE: 'LIKE'>, 'LIMIT': <TokenType.LIMIT: 'LIMIT'>, 'LOAD': <TokenType.LOAD: 'LOAD'>, 'LOCK': <TokenType.LOCK: 'LOCK'>, 'MERGE': <TokenType.MERGE: 'MERGE'>, 'NATURAL': <TokenType.NATURAL: 'NATURAL'>, 'NEXT': <TokenType.NEXT: 'NEXT'>, 'NOT': <TokenType.NOT: 'NOT'>, 'NOTNULL': <TokenType.NOTNULL: 'NOTNULL'>, 'NULL': <TokenType.NULL: 'NULL'>, 'OBJECT': <TokenType.OBJECT: 'OBJECT'>, 'OFFSET': <TokenType.OFFSET: 'OFFSET'>, 'ON': <TokenType.ON: 'ON'>, 'OR': <TokenType.OR: 'OR'>, 'XOR': <TokenType.XOR: 'XOR'>, 'ORDER BY': <TokenType.ORDER_BY: 'ORDER_BY'>, 'ORDINALITY': <TokenType.ORDINALITY: 'ORDINALITY'>, 'OUTER': <TokenType.OUTER: 'OUTER'>, 'OVER': <TokenType.OVER: 'OVER'>, 'OVERLAPS': <TokenType.OVERLAPS: 'OVERLAPS'>, 'OVERWRITE': <TokenType.OVERWRITE: 'OVERWRITE'>, 'PARTITION': <TokenType.PARTITION: 'PARTITION'>, 'PARTITION BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 'PARTITION_BY'>, 'PARTITIONED BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 'PARTITION_BY'>, 'PARTITIONED_BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 'PARTITION_BY'>, 'PERCENT': <TokenType.PERCENT: 'PERCENT'>, 'PIVOT': <TokenType.PIVOT: 'PIVOT'>, 'PRAGMA': <TokenType.PRAGMA: 'PRAGMA'>, 'PRIMARY KEY': <TokenType.PRIMARY_KEY: 'PRIMARY_KEY'>, 'PROCEDURE': <TokenType.PROCEDURE: 'PROCEDURE'>, 'RANGE': <TokenType.RANGE: 'RANGE'>, 'RECURSIVE': <TokenType.RECURSIVE: 'RECURSIVE'>, 'REGEXP': <TokenType.RLIKE: 'RLIKE'>, 'REPLACE': <TokenType.REPLACE: 'REPLACE'>, 'RETURNING': <TokenType.RETURNING: 'RETURNING'>, 'REFERENCES': <TokenType.REFERENCES: 'REFERENCES'>, 'RIGHT': <TokenType.RIGHT: 'RIGHT'>, 'RLIKE': <TokenType.RLIKE: 'RLIKE'>, 'ROLLBACK': <TokenType.ROLLBACK: 'ROLLBACK'>, 'ROLLUP': <TokenType.ROLLUP: 'ROLLUP'>, 'ROW': <TokenType.STRUCT: 'STRUCT'>, 'ROWS': <TokenType.ROWS: 'ROWS'>, 'SCHEMA': <TokenType.SCHEMA: 'SCHEMA'>, 'SELECT': <TokenType.SELECT: 'SELECT'>, 'SEMI': <TokenType.SEMI: 'SEMI'>, 'SET': <TokenType.SET: 'SET'>, 'SETTINGS': <TokenType.SETTINGS: 'SETTINGS'>, 'SHOW': <TokenType.SHOW: 'SHOW'>, 'SIMILAR TO': <TokenType.SIMILAR_TO: 'SIMILAR_TO'>, 'SOME': <TokenType.SOME: 'SOME'>, 'SORT BY': <TokenType.SORT_BY: 'SORT_BY'>, 'START WITH': <TokenType.START_WITH: 'START_WITH'>, 'STRAIGHT_JOIN': <TokenType.STRAIGHT_JOIN: 'STRAIGHT_JOIN'>, 'TABLE': <TokenType.TABLE: 'TABLE'>, 'TABLESAMPLE': <TokenType.TABLE_SAMPLE: 'TABLE_SAMPLE'>, 'TEMP': <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 'TEMPORARY'>, 'TEMPORARY': <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 'TEMPORARY'>, 'THEN': <TokenType.THEN: 'THEN'>, 'TRUE': <TokenType.TRUE: 'TRUE'>, 'TRUNCATE': <TokenType.TRUNCATE: 'TRUNCATE'>, 'UNION': <TokenType.UNION: 'UNION'>, 'UNKNOWN': <TokenType.UNKNOWN: 'UNKNOWN'>, 'UNNEST': <TokenType.UNNEST: 'UNNEST'>, 'UNPIVOT': <TokenType.UNPIVOT: 'UNPIVOT'>, 'UPDATE': <TokenType.UPDATE: 'UPDATE'>, 'USE': <TokenType.USE: 'USE'>, 'USING': <TokenType.USING: 'USING'>, 'UUID': <TokenType.UUID: 'UUID'>, 'VALUES': <TokenType.VALUES: 'VALUES'>, 'VIEW': <TokenType.VIEW: 'VIEW'>, 'VOLATILE': <TokenType.VOLATILE: 'VOLATILE'>, 'WHEN': <TokenType.WHEN: 'WHEN'>, 'WHERE': <TokenType.WHERE: 'WHERE'>, 'WINDOW': <TokenType.WINDOW: 'WINDOW'>, 'WITH': <TokenType.WITH: 'WITH'>, 'APPLY': <TokenType.APPLY: 'APPLY'>, 'ARRAY': <TokenType.ARRAY: 'ARRAY'>, 'BIT': <TokenType.BIT: 'BIT'>, 'BOOL': <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>, 'BOOLEAN': <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>, 'BYTE': <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, 'MEDIUMINT': <TokenType.MEDIUMINT: 'MEDIUMINT'>, 'INT1': <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, 'TINYINT': <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, 'INT16': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, 'SHORT': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, 'SMALLINT': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, 'INT128': <TokenType.INT128: 'INT128'>, 'HUGEINT': <TokenType.INT128: 'INT128'>, 'INT2': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, 'INTEGER': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'INT': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'INT4': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'INT32': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'INT64': <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, 'LONG': <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, 'BIGINT': <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, 'INT8': <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, 'UINT': <TokenType.UINT: 'UINT'>, 'DEC': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'DECIMAL': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'BIGDECIMAL': <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>, 'BIGNUMERIC': <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>, 'LIST': <TokenType.LIST: 'LIST'>, 'MAP': <TokenType.MAP: 'MAP'>, 'NULLABLE': <TokenType.NULLABLE: 'NULLABLE'>, 'NUMBER': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'NUMERIC': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'FIXED': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'REAL': <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, 'FLOAT': <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, 'FLOAT4': <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, 'FLOAT8': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, 'DOUBLE': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, 'DOUBLE PRECISION': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, 'JSON': <TokenType.JSON: 'JSON'>, 'JSONB': <TokenType.JSONB: 'JSONB'>, 'CHAR': <TokenType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, 'CHARACTER': <TokenType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, 'NCHAR': <TokenType.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>, 'VARCHAR': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, 'VARCHAR2': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, 'NVARCHAR': <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, 'NVARCHAR2': <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, 'BPCHAR': <TokenType.BPCHAR: 'BPCHAR'>, 'STR': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'STRING': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'TEXT': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'LONGTEXT': <TokenType.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>, 'MEDIUMTEXT': <TokenType.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>, 'TINYTEXT': <TokenType.TINYTEXT: 'TINYTEXT'>, 'CLOB': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'LONGVARCHAR': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'BINARY': <TokenType.BINARY: 'BINARY'>, 'BLOB': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, 'LONGBLOB': <TokenType.LONGBLOB: 'LONGBLOB'>, 'MEDIUMBLOB': <TokenType.MEDIUMBLOB: 'MEDIUMBLOB'>, 'TINYBLOB': <TokenType.TINYBLOB: 'TINYBLOB'>, 'BYTEA': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, 'VARBINARY': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, 'TIME': <TokenType.TIME: 'TIME'>, 'TIMETZ': <TokenType.TIMETZ: 'TIMETZ'>, 'TIMESTAMP': <TokenType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>, 'TIMESTAMPTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>, 'TIMESTAMPLTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>, 'TIMESTAMP_LTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>, 'TIMESTAMPNTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPNTZ: 'TIMESTAMPNTZ'>, 'TIMESTAMP_NTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPNTZ: 'TIMESTAMPNTZ'>, 'DATE': <TokenType.DATE: 'DATE'>, 'DATETIME': <TokenType.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>, 'INT4RANGE': <TokenType.INT4RANGE: 'INT4RANGE'>, 'INT4MULTIRANGE': <TokenType.INT4MULTIRANGE: 'INT4MULTIRANGE'>, 'INT8RANGE': <TokenType.INT8RANGE: 'INT8RANGE'>, 'INT8MULTIRANGE': <TokenType.INT8MULTIRANGE: 'INT8MULTIRANGE'>, 'NUMRANGE': <TokenType.NUMRANGE: 'NUMRANGE'>, 'NUMMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.NUMMULTIRANGE: 'NUMMULTIRANGE'>, 'TSRANGE': <TokenType.TSRANGE: 'TSRANGE'>, 'TSMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.TSMULTIRANGE: 'TSMULTIRANGE'>, 'TSTZRANGE': <TokenType.TSTZRANGE: 'TSTZRANGE'>, 'TSTZMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.TSTZMULTIRANGE: 'TSTZMULTIRANGE'>, 'DATERANGE': <TokenType.DATERANGE: 'DATERANGE'>, 'DATEMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.DATEMULTIRANGE: 'DATEMULTIRANGE'>, 'UNIQUE': <TokenType.UNIQUE: 'UNIQUE'>, 'VECTOR': <TokenType.VECTOR: 'VECTOR'>, 'STRUCT': <TokenType.STRUCT: 'STRUCT'>, 'SEQUENCE': <TokenType.SEQUENCE: 'SEQUENCE'>, 'VARIANT': <TokenType.VARIANT: 'VARIANT'>, 'ALTER': <TokenType.ALTER: 'ALTER'>, 'ANALYZE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'CALL': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'COMMENT': <TokenType.COMMENT: 'COMMENT'>, 'EXPLAIN': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'GRANT': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'OPTIMIZE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'PREPARE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'VACUUM': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'USER-DEFINED': <TokenType.USERDEFINED: 'USERDEFINED'>, 'FOR VERSION': <TokenType.VERSION_SNAPSHOT: 'VERSION_SNAPSHOT'>, 'FOR TIMESTAMP': <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_SNAPSHOT: 'TIMESTAMP_SNAPSHOT'>, 'START': <TokenType.BEGIN: 'BEGIN'>, 'MATCH_RECOGNIZE': <TokenType.MATCH_RECOGNIZE: 'MATCH_RECOGNIZE'>, 'IPADDRESS': <TokenType.IPADDRESS: 'IPADDRESS'>, 'IPPREFIX': <TokenType.IPPREFIX: 'IPPREFIX'>, 'TDIGEST': <TokenType.TDIGEST: 'TDIGEST'>, 'HYPERLOGLOG': <TokenType.HLLSKETCH: 'HLLSKETCH'>}

##### Inherited Members

sqlglot.tokens.Tokenizer
  Tokenizer
  SINGLE_TOKENS
  BIT_STRINGS
  BYTE_STRINGS
  HEX_STRINGS
  RAW_STRINGS
  HEREDOC_STRINGS
  IDENTIFIERS
  IDENTIFIER_ESCAPES
  QUOTES
  STRING_ESCAPES
  VAR_SINGLE_TOKENS
  HEREDOC_TAG_IS_IDENTIFIER
  HEREDOC_STRING_ALTERNATIVE
  STRING_ESCAPES_ALLOWED_IN_RAW_STRINGS
  WHITE_SPACE
  COMMANDS
  COMMAND_PREFIX_TOKENS
  NUMERIC_LITERALS
  COMMENTS
  dialect
  reset
  tokenize
  tokenize_rs
  size
  sql
  tokens

class Presto.Parser(sqlglot.parser.Parser): View Source

    280    class Parser(parser.Parser):
    281        VALUES_FOLLOWED_BY_PAREN = False
    282
    283        FUNCTIONS = {
    284            **parser.Parser.FUNCTIONS,
    285            "ARBITRARY": exp.AnyValue.from_arg_list,
    286            "APPROX_DISTINCT": exp.ApproxDistinct.from_arg_list,
    287            "APPROX_PERCENTILE": _build_approx_percentile,
    288            "BITWISE_AND": binary_from_function(exp.BitwiseAnd),
    289            "BITWISE_NOT": lambda args: exp.BitwiseNot(this=seq_get(args, 0)),
    290            "BITWISE_OR": binary_from_function(exp.BitwiseOr),
    291            "BITWISE_XOR": binary_from_function(exp.BitwiseXor),
    292            "CARDINALITY": exp.ArraySize.from_arg_list,
    293            "CONTAINS": exp.ArrayContains.from_arg_list,
    294            "DATE_ADD": lambda args: exp.DateAdd(
    295                this=seq_get(args, 2), expression=seq_get(args, 1), unit=seq_get(args, 0)
    296            ),
    297            "DATE_DIFF": lambda args: exp.DateDiff(
    298                this=seq_get(args, 2), expression=seq_get(args, 1), unit=seq_get(args, 0)
    299            ),
    300            "DATE_FORMAT": build_formatted_time(exp.TimeToStr, "presto"),
    301            "DATE_PARSE": build_formatted_time(exp.StrToTime, "presto"),
    302            "DATE_TRUNC": date_trunc_to_time,
    303            "ELEMENT_AT": lambda args: exp.Bracket(
    304                this=seq_get(args, 0), expressions=[seq_get(args, 1)], offset=1, safe=True
    305            ),
    306            "FROM_HEX": exp.Unhex.from_arg_list,
    307            "FROM_UNIXTIME": _build_from_unixtime,
    308            "FROM_UTF8": lambda args: exp.Decode(
    309                this=seq_get(args, 0), replace=seq_get(args, 1), charset=exp.Literal.string("utf-8")
    310            ),
    311            "NOW": exp.CurrentTimestamp.from_arg_list,
    312            "REGEXP_EXTRACT": lambda args: exp.RegexpExtract(
    313                this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=seq_get(args, 1), group=seq_get(args, 2)
    314            ),
    315            "REGEXP_REPLACE": lambda args: exp.RegexpReplace(
    316                this=seq_get(args, 0),
    317                expression=seq_get(args, 1),
    318                replacement=seq_get(args, 2) or exp.Literal.string(""),
    319            ),
    320            "ROW": exp.Struct.from_arg_list,
    321            "SEQUENCE": exp.GenerateSeries.from_arg_list,
    322            "SET_AGG": exp.ArrayUniqueAgg.from_arg_list,
    323            "SPLIT_TO_MAP": exp.StrToMap.from_arg_list,
    324            "STRPOS": lambda args: exp.StrPosition(
    325                this=seq_get(args, 0), substr=seq_get(args, 1), instance=seq_get(args, 2)
    326            ),
    327            "TO_CHAR": _build_to_char,
    328            "TO_UNIXTIME": exp.TimeToUnix.from_arg_list,
    329            "TO_UTF8": lambda args: exp.Encode(
    330                this=seq_get(args, 0), charset=exp.Literal.string("utf-8")
    331            ),
    332            "MD5": exp.MD5Digest.from_arg_list,
    333            "SHA256": lambda args: exp.SHA2(this=seq_get(args, 0), length=exp.Literal.number(256)),
    334            "SHA512": lambda args: exp.SHA2(this=seq_get(args, 0), length=exp.Literal.number(512)),
    335        }
    336
    337        FUNCTION_PARSERS = parser.Parser.FUNCTION_PARSERS.copy()
    338        FUNCTION_PARSERS.pop("TRIM")

Parser consumes a list of tokens produced by the Tokenizer and produces a parsed syntax tree.

###### Arguments:

- error_level: The desired error level. Default: ErrorLevel.IMMEDIATE
- error_message_context: The amount of context to capture from a query string when displaying the error message (in number of characters). Default: 100
- max_errors: Maximum number of error messages to include in a raised ParseError. This is only relevant if error_level is ErrorLevel.RAISE. Default: 3

VALUES_FOLLOWED_BY_PAREN = False
FUNCTIONS = {'ABS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Abs'>>, 'ADD_MONTHS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AddMonths'>>, 'ANONYMOUS_AGG_FUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AnonymousAggFunc'>>, 'ANY_VALUE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AnyValue'>>, 'APPROX_DISTINCT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxDistinct'>>, 'APPROX_COUNT_DISTINCT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxDistinct'>>, 'APPROX_QUANTILE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxQuantile'>>, 'APPROX_TOP_K': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxTopK'>>, 'ARG_MAX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMax'>>, 'ARGMAX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMax'>>, 'MAX_BY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMax'>>, 'ARG_MIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMin'>>, 'ARGMIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMin'>>, 'MIN_BY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMin'>>, 'ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Array'>>, 'ARRAY_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayAgg'>>, 'ARRAY_ALL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayAll'>>, 'ARRAY_ANY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayAny'>>, 'ARRAY_CONCAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayConcat'>>, 'ARRAY_CAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayConcat'>>, 'ARRAY_CONSTRUCT_COMPACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayConstructCompact'>>, 'ARRAY_CONTAINS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayContains'>>, 'ARRAY_HAS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayContains'>>, 'ARRAY_CONTAINS_ALL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayContainsAll'>>, 'ARRAY_HAS_ALL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayContainsAll'>>, 'FILTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayFilter'>>, 'ARRAY_FILTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayFilter'>>, 'ARRAY_OVERLAPS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayOverlaps'>>, 'ARRAY_SIZE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySize'>>, 'ARRAY_LENGTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySize'>>, 'ARRAY_SORT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySort'>>, 'ARRAY_SUM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySum'>>, 'ARRAY_TO_STRING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayToString'>>, 'ARRAY_JOIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayToString'>>, 'ARRAY_UNION_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayUnionAgg'>>, 'ARRAY_UNIQUE_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayUniqueAgg'>>, 'AVG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Avg'>>, 'CASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Case'>>, 'CAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Cast'>>, 'CAST_TO_STR_TYPE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CastToStrType'>>, 'CBRT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Cbrt'>>, 'CEIL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Ceil'>>, 'CEILING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Ceil'>>, 'CHR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Chr'>>, 'CHAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Chr'>>, 'COALESCE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Coalesce'>>, 'IFNULL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Coalesce'>>, 'NVL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Coalesce'>>, 'COLLATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Collate'>>, 'COMBINED_AGG_FUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CombinedAggFunc'>>, 'COMBINED_PARAMETERIZED_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CombinedParameterizedAgg'>>, 'CONCAT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CONCAT_WS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CONNECT_BY_ROOT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ConnectByRoot'>>, 'CONVERT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Convert'>>, 'CORR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Corr'>>, 'COUNT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Count'>>, 'COUNT_IF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CountIf'>>, 'COUNTIF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CountIf'>>, 'COVAR_POP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CovarPop'>>, 'COVAR_SAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CovarSamp'>>, 'CURRENT_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentDate'>>, 'CURRENT_DATETIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentDatetime'>>, 'CURRENT_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentTime'>>, 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentTimestamp'>>, 'CURRENT_USER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentUser'>>, 'DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Date'>>, 'DATE_ADD': <function Presto.Parser.<lambda>>, 'DATEDIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateDiff'>>, 'DATE_DIFF': <function Presto.Parser.<lambda>>, 'DATE_FROM_PARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateFromParts'>>, 'DATEFROMPARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateFromParts'>>, 'DATE_STR_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateStrToDate'>>, 'DATE_SUB': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateSub'>>, 'DATE_TO_DATE_STR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DATE_TO_DI': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateToDi'>>, 'DATE_TRUNC': <function date_trunc_to_time>, 'DATETIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Datetime'>>, 'DATETIME_ADD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeAdd'>>, 'DATETIME_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeDiff'>>, 'DATETIME_SUB': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeSub'>>, 'DATETIME_TRUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeTrunc'>>, 'DAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Day'>>, 'DAY_OF_MONTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfMonth'>>, 'DAYOFMONTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfMonth'>>, 'DAY_OF_WEEK': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfWeek'>>, 'DAYOFWEEK': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfWeek'>>, 'DAY_OF_YEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfYear'>>, 'DAYOFYEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfYear'>>, 'DECODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Decode'>>, 'DI_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DiToDate'>>, 'ENCODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Encode'>>, 'EXP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Exp'>>, 'EXPLODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Explode'>>, 'EXPLODE_OUTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExplodeOuter'>>, 'EXTRACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Extract'>>, 'FIRST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.First'>>, 'FIRST_VALUE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FirstValue'>>, 'FLATTEN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Flatten'>>, 'FLOOR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Floor'>>, 'FROM_BASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FromBase'>>, 'FROM_BASE64': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FromBase64'>>, 'GAP_FILL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GapFill'>>, 'GENERATE_DATE_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GenerateDateArray'>>, 'GENERATE_SERIES': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GenerateSeries'>>, 'GREATEST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Greatest'>>, 'GROUP_CONCAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GroupConcat'>>, 'HEX': <function build_hex>, 'HLL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Hll'>>, 'IF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.If'>>, 'IIF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.If'>>, 'INITCAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Initcap'>>, 'IS_INF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsInf'>>, 'ISINF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsInf'>>, 'IS_NAN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsNan'>>, 'ISNAN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsNan'>>, 'J_S_O_N_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONArray'>>, 'J_S_O_N_ARRAY_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONArrayAgg'>>, 'JSON_ARRAY_CONTAINS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONArrayContains'>>, 'JSONB_CONTAINS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONBContains'>>, 'JSONB_EXTRACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONBExtract'>>, 'JSONB_EXTRACT_SCALAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONBExtractScalar'>>, 'JSON_EXTRACT': <function build_extract_json_with_path.<locals>._builder>, 'JSON_EXTRACT_SCALAR': <function build_extract_json_with_path.<locals>._builder>, 'JSON_FORMAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONFormat'>>, 'J_S_O_N_OBJECT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONObject'>>, 'J_S_O_N_OBJECT_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONObjectAgg'>>, 'J_S_O_N_TABLE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONTable'>>, 'LAG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Lag'>>, 'LAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Last'>>, 'LAST_DAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LastDay'>>, 'LAST_DAY_OF_MONTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LastDay'>>, 'LAST_VALUE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LastValue'>>, 'LEAD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Lead'>>, 'LEAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Least'>>, 'LEFT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Left'>>, 'LENGTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Length'>>, 'LEN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Length'>>, 'LEVENSHTEIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Levenshtein'>>, 'LIST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.List'>>, 'LN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Ln'>>, 'LOG': <function build_logarithm>, 'LOGICAL_AND': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalAnd'>>, 'BOOL_AND': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalAnd'>>, 'BOOLAND_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalAnd'>>, 'LOGICAL_OR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalOr'>>, 'BOOL_OR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalOr'>>, 'BOOLOR_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalOr'>>, 'LOWER': <function build_lower>, 'LCASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Lower'>>, 'LOWER_HEX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LowerHex'>>, 'MD5': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MD5Digest'>>, 'MD5_DIGEST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MD5Digest'>>, 'MAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Map'>>, 'MAP_FROM_ENTRIES': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MapFromEntries'>>, 'MATCH_AGAINST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MatchAgainst'>>, 'MAX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Max'>>, 'MIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Min'>>, 'MONTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Month'>>, 'MONTHS_BETWEEN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MonthsBetween'>>, 'NEXT_VALUE_FOR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NextValueFor'>>, 'NTH_VALUE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NthValue'>>, 'NULLIF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Nullif'>>, 'NUMBER_TO_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NumberToStr'>>, 'NVL2': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Nvl2'>>, 'OPEN_J_S_O_N': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OpenJSON'>>, 'PAD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Pad'>>, 'PARAMETERIZED_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ParameterizedAgg'>>, 'PARSE_JSON': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ParseJSON'>>, 'JSON_PARSE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ParseJSON'>>, 'PERCENTILE_CONT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PercentileCont'>>, 'PERCENTILE_DISC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PercentileDisc'>>, 'POSEXPLODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Posexplode'>>, 'POSEXPLODE_OUTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PosexplodeOuter'>>, 'POWER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Pow'>>, 'POW': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Pow'>>, 'PREDICT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Predict'>>, 'QUANTILE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Quantile'>>, 'QUARTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Quarter'>>, 'RAND': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Rand'>>, 'RANDOM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Rand'>>, 'RANDN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Randn'>>, 'RANGE_N': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RangeN'>>, 'READ_CSV': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ReadCSV'>>, 'REDUCE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Reduce'>>, 'REGEXP_EXTRACT': <function Presto.Parser.<lambda>>, 'REGEXP_I_LIKE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpILike'>>, 'REGEXP_LIKE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpLike'>>, 'REGEXP_REPLACE': <function Presto.Parser.<lambda>>, 'REGEXP_SPLIT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpSplit'>>, 'REPEAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Repeat'>>, 'RIGHT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Right'>>, 'ROUND': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Round'>>, 'ROW_NUMBER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowNumber'>>, 'SHA': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA'>>, 'SHA1': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA'>>, 'SHA2': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA2'>>, 'SAFE_DIVIDE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SafeDivide'>>, 'SIGN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sign'>>, 'SIGNUM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sign'>>, 'SORT_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SortArray'>>, 'SPLIT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Split'>>, 'SQRT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sqrt'>>, 'STANDARD_HASH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StandardHash'>>, 'STAR_MAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StarMap'>>, 'STARTS_WITH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StartsWith'>>, 'STARTSWITH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StartsWith'>>, 'STDDEV': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stddev'>>, 'STDDEV_POP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StddevPop'>>, 'STDDEV_SAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StddevSamp'>>, 'STR_POSITION': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrPosition'>>, 'STR_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToDate'>>, 'STR_TO_MAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToMap'>>, 'STR_TO_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToTime'>>, 'STR_TO_UNIX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToUnix'>>, 'STRING_TO_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StringToArray'>>, 'SPLIT_BY_STRING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StringToArray'>>, 'STRUCT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Struct'>>, 'STRUCT_EXTRACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StructExtract'>>, 'STUFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stuff'>>, 'INSERT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stuff'>>, 'SUBSTRING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Substring'>>, 'SUM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sum'>>, 'TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Time'>>, 'TIME_ADD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeAdd'>>, 'TIME_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeDiff'>>, 'TIME_FROM_PARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeFromParts'>>, 'TIMEFROMPARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeFromParts'>>, 'TIME_STR_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToDate'>>, 'TIME_STR_TO_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToTime'>>, 'TIME_STR_TO_UNIX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToUnix'>>, 'TIME_SUB': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeSub'>>, 'TIME_TO_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeToStr'>>, 'TIME_TO_TIME_STR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TIME_TO_UNIX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeToUnix'>>, 'TIME_TRUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeTrunc'>>, 'TIMESTAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Timestamp'>>, 'TIMESTAMP_ADD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampAdd'>>, 'TIMESTAMPDIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampDiff'>>, 'TIMESTAMP_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampDiff'>>, 'TIMESTAMP_FROM_PARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampFromParts'>>, 'TIMESTAMPFROMPARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampFromParts'>>, 'TIMESTAMP_SUB': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampSub'>>, 'TIMESTAMP_TRUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampTrunc'>>, 'TO_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToArray'>>, 'TO_BASE64': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToBase64'>>, 'TO_CHAR': <function _build_to_char>, 'TO_DAYS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToDays'>>, 'TO_MAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToMap'>>, 'TO_NUMBER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToNumber'>>, 'TRANSFORM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Transform'>>, 'TRIM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Trim'>>, 'TRY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Try'>>, 'TRY_CAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TryCast'>>, 'TS_OR_DI_TO_DI': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDiToDi'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_ADD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsAdd'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsDiff'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsToDate'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_TO_DATE_STR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TS_OR_DS_TO_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsToTime'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_TO_TIMESTAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsToTimestamp'>>, 'UNHEX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Unhex'>>, 'UNIX_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixDate'>>, 'UNIX_TO_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToStr'>>, 'UNIX_TO_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToTime'>>, 'UNIX_TO_TIME_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToTimeStr'>>, 'UNNEST': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'UPPER': <function build_upper>, 'UCASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Upper'>>, 'VAR_MAP': <function build_var_map>, 'VARIANCE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Variance'>>, 'VARIANCE_SAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Variance'>>, 'VAR_SAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Variance'>>, 'VARIANCE_POP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VariancePop'>>, 'VAR_POP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VariancePop'>>, 'WEEK': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Week'>>, 'WEEK_OF_YEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WeekOfYear'>>, 'WEEKOFYEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WeekOfYear'>>, 'WHEN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.When'>>, 'X_M_L_TABLE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.XMLTable'>>, 'XOR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Xor'>>, 'YEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Year'>>, 'GLOB': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'JSON_EXTRACT_PATH_TEXT': <function build_extract_json_with_path.<locals>._builder>, 'LIKE': <function build_like>, 'LOG2': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LOG10': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LPAD': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LEFTPAD': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MOD': <function build_mod>, 'RPAD': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'RIGHTPAD': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SCOPE_RESOLUTION': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TO_HEX': <function build_hex>, 'ARBITRARY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AnyValue'>>, 'APPROX_PERCENTILE': <function _build_approx_percentile>, 'BITWISE_AND': <function binary_from_function.<locals>.<lambda>>, 'BITWISE_NOT': <function Presto.Parser.<lambda>>, 'BITWISE_OR': <function binary_from_function.<locals>.<lambda>>, 'BITWISE_XOR': <function binary_from_function.<locals>.<lambda>>, 'CARDINALITY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySize'>>, 'CONTAINS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayContains'>>, 'DATE_FORMAT': <function build_formatted_time.<locals>._builder>, 'DATE_PARSE': <function build_formatted_time.<locals>._builder>, 'ELEMENT_AT': <function Presto.Parser.<lambda>>, 'FROM_HEX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Unhex'>>, 'FROM_UNIXTIME': <function _build_from_unixtime>, 'FROM_UTF8': <function Presto.Parser.<lambda>>, 'NOW': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentTimestamp'>>, 'ROW': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Struct'>>, 'SEQUENCE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GenerateSeries'>>, 'SET_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayUniqueAgg'>>, 'SPLIT_TO_MAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToMap'>>, 'STRPOS': <function Presto.Parser.<lambda>>, 'TO_UNIXTIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeToUnix'>>, 'TO_UTF8': <function Presto.Parser.<lambda>>, 'SHA256': <function Presto.Parser.<lambda>>, 'SHA512': <function Presto.Parser.<lambda>>}
FUNCTION_PARSERS = {'CAST': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CONVERT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DECODE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'EXTRACT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'GAP_FILL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'JSON_OBJECT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'JSON_OBJECTAGG': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'JSON_TABLE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MATCH': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'OPENJSON': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'POSITION': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PREDICT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SAFE_CAST': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'STRING_AGG': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SUBSTRING': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TRY_CAST': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TRY_CONVERT': <function Parser.<lambda>>}
ID_VAR_TOKENS = {<TokenType.INT8RANGE: 'INT8RANGE'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_USER: 'CURRENT_USER'>, <TokenType.DELETE: 'DELETE'>, <TokenType.TIME: 'TIME'>, <TokenType.MONEY: 'MONEY'>, <TokenType.HLLSKETCH: 'HLLSKETCH'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_DATE: 'CURRENT_DATE'>, <TokenType.DATABASE: 'DATABASE'>, <TokenType.END: 'END'>, <TokenType.DEFAULT: 'DEFAULT'>, <TokenType.VOLATILE: 'VOLATILE'>, <TokenType.FOREIGN_KEY: 'FOREIGN_KEY'>, <TokenType.UINT128: 'UINT128'>, <TokenType.DESC: 'DESC'>, <TokenType.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>, <TokenType.SCHEMA: 'SCHEMA'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_MS: 'TIMESTAMP_MS'>, <TokenType.SEMI: 'SEMI'>, <TokenType.DESCRIBE: 'DESCRIBE'>, <TokenType.PIVOT: 'PIVOT'>, <TokenType.UUID: 'UUID'>, <TokenType.SOME: 'SOME'>, <TokenType.ASOF: 'ASOF'>, <TokenType.ESCAPE: 'ESCAPE'>, <TokenType.FUNCTION: 'FUNCTION'>, <TokenType.RIGHT: 'RIGHT'>, <TokenType.HSTORE: 'HSTORE'>, <TokenType.CONSTRAINT: 'CONSTRAINT'>, <TokenType.ANTI: 'ANTI'>, <TokenType.USMALLINT: 'USMALLINT'>, <TokenType.ROWS: 'ROWS'>, <TokenType.INET: 'INET'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>, <TokenType.LIST: 'LIST'>, <TokenType.CACHE: 'CACHE'>, <TokenType.FILTER: 'FILTER'>, <TokenType.OBJECT_IDENTIFIER: 'OBJECT_IDENTIFIER'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_S: 'TIMESTAMP_S'>, <TokenType.USE: 'USE'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMBLOB: 'MEDIUMBLOB'>, <TokenType.INT128: 'INT128'>, <TokenType.SET: 'SET'>, <TokenType.ORDINALITY: 'ORDINALITY'>, <TokenType.FULL: 'FULL'>, <TokenType.MODEL: 'MODEL'>, <TokenType.ANY: 'ANY'>, <TokenType.DATETIME64: 'DATETIME64'>, <TokenType.ROW: 'ROW'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_TIME: 'CURRENT_TIME'>, <TokenType.TIMETZ: 'TIMETZ'>, <TokenType.GEOMETRY: 'GEOMETRY'>, <TokenType.ISNULL: 'ISNULL'>, <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>, <TokenType.DATE32: 'DATE32'>, <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>, <TokenType.COPY: 'COPY'>, <TokenType.EXECUTE: 'EXECUTE'>, <TokenType.INTERVAL: 'INTERVAL'>, <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 'AUTO_INCREMENT'>, <TokenType.INT8MULTIRANGE: 'INT8MULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMINT: 'MEDIUMINT'>, <TokenType.FORMAT: 'FORMAT'>, <TokenType.NESTED: 'NESTED'>, <TokenType.UINT256: 'UINT256'>, <TokenType.TSTZRANGE: 'TSTZRANGE'>, <TokenType.MAP: 'MAP'>, <TokenType.DATE: 'DATE'>, <TokenType.NUMMULTIRANGE: 'NUMMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.ENUM16: 'ENUM16'>, <TokenType.UTINYINT: 'UTINYINT'>, <TokenType.SMALLMONEY: 'SMALLMONEY'>, <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, <TokenType.OFFSET: 'OFFSET'>, <TokenType.UPDATE: 'UPDATE'>, <TokenType.ARRAY: 'ARRAY'>, <TokenType.IPADDRESS: 'IPADDRESS'>, <TokenType.TSMULTIRANGE: 'TSMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.XML: 'XML'>, <TokenType.NATURAL: 'NATURAL'>, <TokenType.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>, <TokenType.PROCEDURE: 'PROCEDURE'>, <TokenType.TRUE: 'TRUE'>, <TokenType.DATEMULTIRANGE: 'DATEMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.PRAGMA: 'PRAGMA'>, <TokenType.JSON: 'JSON'>, <TokenType.UNNEST: 'UNNEST'>, <TokenType.IPPREFIX: 'IPPREFIX'>, <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, <TokenType.NEXT: 'NEXT'>, <TokenType.COMMIT: 'COMMIT'>, <TokenType.INDEX: 'INDEX'>, <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, <TokenType.UNIQUE: 'UNIQUE'>, <TokenType.YEAR: 'YEAR'>, <TokenType.SUPER: 'SUPER'>, <TokenType.TINYTEXT: 'TINYTEXT'>, <TokenType.OVERWRITE: 'OVERWRITE'>, <TokenType.PERCENT: 'PERCENT'>, <TokenType.TINYBLOB: 'TINYBLOB'>, <TokenType.SERIAL: 'SERIAL'>, <TokenType.KILL: 'KILL'>, <TokenType.CASE: 'CASE'>, <TokenType.IPV6: 'IPV6'>, <TokenType.GEOGRAPHY: 'GEOGRAPHY'>, <TokenType.OBJECT: 'OBJECT'>, <TokenType.STREAMLIT: 'STREAMLIT'>, <TokenType.NULL: 'NULL'>, <TokenType.FINAL: 'FINAL'>, <TokenType.SEQUENCE: 'SEQUENCE'>, <TokenType.NULLABLE: 'NULLABLE'>, <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, <TokenType.OVERLAPS: 'OVERLAPS'>, <TokenType.REPLACE: 'REPLACE'>, <TokenType.SMALLSERIAL: 'SMALLSERIAL'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>, <TokenType.ENUM: 'ENUM'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_TIMESTAMP: 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP'>, <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, <TokenType.TOP: 'TOP'>, <TokenType.REFRESH: 'REFRESH'>, <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, <TokenType.WINDOW: 'WINDOW'>, <TokenType.UDECIMAL: 'UDECIMAL'>, <TokenType.DICTIONARY: 'DICTIONARY'>, <TokenType.AGGREGATEFUNCTION: 'AGGREGATEFUNCTION'>, <TokenType.STORAGE_INTEGRATION: 'STORAGE_INTEGRATION'>, <TokenType.ROLLUP: 'ROLLUP'>, <TokenType.COMMENT: 'COMMENT'>, <TokenType.USERDEFINED: 'USERDEFINED'>, <TokenType.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>, <TokenType.FIXEDSTRING: 'FIXEDSTRING'>, <TokenType.KEEP: 'KEEP'>, <TokenType.BPCHAR: 'BPCHAR'>, <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, <TokenType.BINARY: 'BINARY'>, <TokenType.INT256: 'INT256'>, <TokenType.COLLATE: 'COLLATE'>, <TokenType.MERGE: 'MERGE'>, <TokenType.RECURSIVE: 'RECURSIVE'>, <TokenType.PARTITION: 'PARTITION'>, <TokenType.TSRANGE: 'TSRANGE'>, <TokenType.TABLE: 'TABLE'>, <TokenType.UNIQUEIDENTIFIER: 'UNIQUEIDENTIFIER'>, <TokenType.VECTOR: 'VECTOR'>, <TokenType.UBIGINT: 'UBIGINT'>, <TokenType.ALL: 'ALL'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME: 'CURRENT_DATETIME'>, <TokenType.NUMRANGE: 'NUMRANGE'>, <TokenType.ENUM8: 'ENUM8'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_NS: 'TIMESTAMP_NS'>, <TokenType.SIMPLEAGGREGATEFUNCTION: 'SIMPLEAGGREGATEFUNCTION'>, <TokenType.EXISTS: 'EXISTS'>, <TokenType.VAR: 'VAR'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>, <TokenType.NAME: 'NAME'>, <TokenType.APPLY: 'APPLY'>, <TokenType.COLUMN: 'COLUMN'>, <TokenType.JSONB: 'JSONB'>, <TokenType.WAREHOUSE: 'WAREHOUSE'>, <TokenType.ASC: 'ASC'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPNTZ: 'TIMESTAMPNTZ'>, <TokenType.LONGBLOB: 'LONGBLOB'>, <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, <TokenType.BEGIN: 'BEGIN'>, <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, <TokenType.STRUCT: 'STRUCT'>, <TokenType.UINT: 'UINT'>, <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 'TEMPORARY'>, <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, <TokenType.INT4MULTIRANGE: 'INT4MULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.DIV: 'DIV'>, <TokenType.VARIANT: 'VARIANT'>, <TokenType.STRAIGHT_JOIN: 'STRAIGHT_JOIN'>, <TokenType.TSTZMULTIRANGE: 'TSTZMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.IMAGE: 'IMAGE'>, <TokenType.RANGE: 'RANGE'>, <TokenType.ROWVERSION: 'ROWVERSION'>, <TokenType.TAG: 'TAG'>, <TokenType.IDENTIFIER: 'IDENTIFIER'>, <TokenType.TRUNCATE: 'TRUNCATE'>, <TokenType.UMEDIUMINT: 'UMEDIUMINT'>, <TokenType.FALSE: 'FALSE'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, <TokenType.PSEUDO_TYPE: 'PSEUDO_TYPE'>, <TokenType.TDIGEST: 'TDIGEST'>, <TokenType.INT4RANGE: 'INT4RANGE'>, <TokenType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, <TokenType.UNKNOWN: 'UNKNOWN'>, <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, <TokenType.LOWCARDINALITY: 'LOWCARDINALITY'>, <TokenType.OPERATOR: 'OPERATOR'>, <TokenType.LOAD: 'LOAD'>, <TokenType.VIEW: 'VIEW'>, <TokenType.SETTINGS: 'SETTINGS'>, <TokenType.FIRST: 'FIRST'>, <TokenType.IS: 'IS'>, <TokenType.UNPIVOT: 'UNPIVOT'>, <TokenType.BIT: 'BIT'>, <TokenType.BIGSERIAL: 'BIGSERIAL'>, <TokenType.DATERANGE: 'DATERANGE'>, <TokenType.SHOW: 'SHOW'>, <TokenType.LEFT: 'LEFT'>, <TokenType.IPV4: 'IPV4'>, <TokenType.REFERENCES: 'REFERENCES'>}
TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS = {<TokenType.INT8RANGE: 'INT8RANGE'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_USER: 'CURRENT_USER'>, <TokenType.DELETE: 'DELETE'>, <TokenType.TIME: 'TIME'>, <TokenType.MONEY: 'MONEY'>, <TokenType.HLLSKETCH: 'HLLSKETCH'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_DATE: 'CURRENT_DATE'>, <TokenType.DATABASE: 'DATABASE'>, <TokenType.END: 'END'>, <TokenType.DEFAULT: 'DEFAULT'>, <TokenType.VOLATILE: 'VOLATILE'>, <TokenType.FOREIGN_KEY: 'FOREIGN_KEY'>, <TokenType.UINT128: 'UINT128'>, <TokenType.DESC: 'DESC'>, <TokenType.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>, <TokenType.SCHEMA: 'SCHEMA'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_MS: 'TIMESTAMP_MS'>, <TokenType.SEMI: 'SEMI'>, <TokenType.DESCRIBE: 'DESCRIBE'>, <TokenType.PIVOT: 'PIVOT'>, <TokenType.UUID: 'UUID'>, <TokenType.SOME: 'SOME'>, <TokenType.FUNCTION: 'FUNCTION'>, <TokenType.ESCAPE: 'ESCAPE'>, <TokenType.HSTORE: 'HSTORE'>, <TokenType.CONSTRAINT: 'CONSTRAINT'>, <TokenType.ANTI: 'ANTI'>, <TokenType.USMALLINT: 'USMALLINT'>, <TokenType.ROWS: 'ROWS'>, <TokenType.INET: 'INET'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>, <TokenType.LIST: 'LIST'>, <TokenType.CACHE: 'CACHE'>, <TokenType.FILTER: 'FILTER'>, <TokenType.OBJECT_IDENTIFIER: 'OBJECT_IDENTIFIER'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_S: 'TIMESTAMP_S'>, <TokenType.USE: 'USE'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMBLOB: 'MEDIUMBLOB'>, <TokenType.INT128: 'INT128'>, <TokenType.SET: 'SET'>, <TokenType.ORDINALITY: 'ORDINALITY'>, <TokenType.MODEL: 'MODEL'>, <TokenType.ANY: 'ANY'>, <TokenType.DATETIME64: 'DATETIME64'>, <TokenType.ROW: 'ROW'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_TIME: 'CURRENT_TIME'>, <TokenType.TIMETZ: 'TIMETZ'>, <TokenType.GEOMETRY: 'GEOMETRY'>, <TokenType.ISNULL: 'ISNULL'>, <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>, <TokenType.DATE32: 'DATE32'>, <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>, <TokenType.COPY: 'COPY'>, <TokenType.EXECUTE: 'EXECUTE'>, <TokenType.INTERVAL: 'INTERVAL'>, <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 'AUTO_INCREMENT'>, <TokenType.INT8MULTIRANGE: 'INT8MULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMINT: 'MEDIUMINT'>, <TokenType.FORMAT: 'FORMAT'>, <TokenType.NESTED: 'NESTED'>, <TokenType.UINT256: 'UINT256'>, <TokenType.TSTZRANGE: 'TSTZRANGE'>, <TokenType.MAP: 'MAP'>, <TokenType.DATE: 'DATE'>, <TokenType.NUMMULTIRANGE: 'NUMMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.ENUM16: 'ENUM16'>, <TokenType.UTINYINT: 'UTINYINT'>, <TokenType.SMALLMONEY: 'SMALLMONEY'>, <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, <TokenType.ARRAY: 'ARRAY'>, <TokenType.UPDATE: 'UPDATE'>, <TokenType.IPADDRESS: 'IPADDRESS'>, <TokenType.TSMULTIRANGE: 'TSMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.XML: 'XML'>, <TokenType.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>, <TokenType.PROCEDURE: 'PROCEDURE'>, <TokenType.TRUE: 'TRUE'>, <TokenType.DATEMULTIRANGE: 'DATEMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.PRAGMA: 'PRAGMA'>, <TokenType.JSON: 'JSON'>, <TokenType.UNNEST: 'UNNEST'>, <TokenType.IPPREFIX: 'IPPREFIX'>, <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, <TokenType.NEXT: 'NEXT'>, <TokenType.COMMIT: 'COMMIT'>, <TokenType.INDEX: 'INDEX'>, <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, <TokenType.UNIQUE: 'UNIQUE'>, <TokenType.YEAR: 'YEAR'>, <TokenType.SUPER: 'SUPER'>, <TokenType.TINYTEXT: 'TINYTEXT'>, <TokenType.OVERWRITE: 'OVERWRITE'>, <TokenType.PERCENT: 'PERCENT'>, <TokenType.TINYBLOB: 'TINYBLOB'>, <TokenType.SERIAL: 'SERIAL'>, <TokenType.KILL: 'KILL'>, <TokenType.CASE: 'CASE'>, <TokenType.IPV6: 'IPV6'>, <TokenType.GEOGRAPHY: 'GEOGRAPHY'>, <TokenType.OBJECT: 'OBJECT'>, <TokenType.STREAMLIT: 'STREAMLIT'>, <TokenType.NULL: 'NULL'>, <TokenType.FINAL: 'FINAL'>, <TokenType.SEQUENCE: 'SEQUENCE'>, <TokenType.NULLABLE: 'NULLABLE'>, <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, <TokenType.OVERLAPS: 'OVERLAPS'>, <TokenType.REPLACE: 'REPLACE'>, <TokenType.SMALLSERIAL: 'SMALLSERIAL'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>, <TokenType.ENUM: 'ENUM'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_TIMESTAMP: 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP'>, <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, <TokenType.TOP: 'TOP'>, <TokenType.REFRESH: 'REFRESH'>, <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, <TokenType.UDECIMAL: 'UDECIMAL'>, <TokenType.DICTIONARY: 'DICTIONARY'>, <TokenType.AGGREGATEFUNCTION: 'AGGREGATEFUNCTION'>, <TokenType.STORAGE_INTEGRATION: 'STORAGE_INTEGRATION'>, <TokenType.ROLLUP: 'ROLLUP'>, <TokenType.COMMENT: 'COMMENT'>, <TokenType.USERDEFINED: 'USERDEFINED'>, <TokenType.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>, <TokenType.FIXEDSTRING: 'FIXEDSTRING'>, <TokenType.KEEP: 'KEEP'>, <TokenType.BPCHAR: 'BPCHAR'>, <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, <TokenType.BINARY: 'BINARY'>, <TokenType.INT256: 'INT256'>, <TokenType.COLLATE: 'COLLATE'>, <TokenType.MERGE: 'MERGE'>, <TokenType.RECURSIVE: 'RECURSIVE'>, <TokenType.PARTITION: 'PARTITION'>, <TokenType.TSRANGE: 'TSRANGE'>, <TokenType.TABLE: 'TABLE'>, <TokenType.UNIQUEIDENTIFIER: 'UNIQUEIDENTIFIER'>, <TokenType.VECTOR: 'VECTOR'>, <TokenType.UBIGINT: 'UBIGINT'>, <TokenType.ALL: 'ALL'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME: 'CURRENT_DATETIME'>, <TokenType.NUMRANGE: 'NUMRANGE'>, <TokenType.ENUM8: 'ENUM8'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_NS: 'TIMESTAMP_NS'>, <TokenType.SIMPLEAGGREGATEFUNCTION: 'SIMPLEAGGREGATEFUNCTION'>, <TokenType.EXISTS: 'EXISTS'>, <TokenType.VAR: 'VAR'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>, <TokenType.NAME: 'NAME'>, <TokenType.COLUMN: 'COLUMN'>, <TokenType.JSONB: 'JSONB'>, <TokenType.WAREHOUSE: 'WAREHOUSE'>, <TokenType.ASC: 'ASC'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPNTZ: 'TIMESTAMPNTZ'>, <TokenType.LONGBLOB: 'LONGBLOB'>, <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, <TokenType.BEGIN: 'BEGIN'>, <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, <TokenType.STRUCT: 'STRUCT'>, <TokenType.UINT: 'UINT'>, <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 'TEMPORARY'>, <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, <TokenType.INT4MULTIRANGE: 'INT4MULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.DIV: 'DIV'>, <TokenType.VARIANT: 'VARIANT'>, <TokenType.STRAIGHT_JOIN: 'STRAIGHT_JOIN'>, <TokenType.TSTZMULTIRANGE: 'TSTZMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.IMAGE: 'IMAGE'>, <TokenType.RANGE: 'RANGE'>, <TokenType.ROWVERSION: 'ROWVERSION'>, <TokenType.TAG: 'TAG'>, <TokenType.IDENTIFIER: 'IDENTIFIER'>, <TokenType.TRUNCATE: 'TRUNCATE'>, <TokenType.UMEDIUMINT: 'UMEDIUMINT'>, <TokenType.FALSE: 'FALSE'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, <TokenType.PSEUDO_TYPE: 'PSEUDO_TYPE'>, <TokenType.TDIGEST: 'TDIGEST'>, <TokenType.INT4RANGE: 'INT4RANGE'>, <TokenType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, <TokenType.UNKNOWN: 'UNKNOWN'>, <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, <TokenType.LOWCARDINALITY: 'LOWCARDINALITY'>, <TokenType.OPERATOR: 'OPERATOR'>, <TokenType.LOAD: 'LOAD'>, <TokenType.VIEW: 'VIEW'>, <TokenType.SETTINGS: 'SETTINGS'>, <TokenType.FIRST: 'FIRST'>, <TokenType.IS: 'IS'>, <TokenType.UNPIVOT: 'UNPIVOT'>, <TokenType.BIT: 'BIT'>, <TokenType.BIGSERIAL: 'BIGSERIAL'>, <TokenType.DATERANGE: 'DATERANGE'>, <TokenType.SHOW: 'SHOW'>, <TokenType.IPV4: 'IPV4'>, <TokenType.REFERENCES: 'REFERENCES'>}
SHOW_TRIE: Dict = {}
SET_TRIE: Dict = {'GLOBAL': {0: True}, 'LOCAL': {0: True}, 'SESSION': {0: True}, 'TRANSACTION': {0: True}}

##### Inherited Members

sqlglot.parser.Parser
  Parser
  NO_PAREN_FUNCTIONS
  STRUCT_TYPE_TOKENS
  NESTED_TYPE_TOKENS
  ENUM_TYPE_TOKENS
  AGGREGATE_TYPE_TOKENS
  TYPE_TOKENS
  SIGNED_TO_UNSIGNED_TYPE_TOKEN
  SUBQUERY_PREDICATES
  RESERVED_TOKENS
  DB_CREATABLES
  CREATABLES
  INTERVAL_VARS
  ALIAS_TOKENS
  ARRAY_CONSTRUCTORS
  COMMENT_TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS
  UPDATE_ALIAS_TOKENS
  TRIM_TYPES
  FUNC_TOKENS
  CONJUNCTION
  ASSIGNMENT
  DISJUNCTION
  EQUALITY
  COMPARISON
  BITWISE
  TERM
  FACTOR
  EXPONENT
  TIMES
  TIMESTAMPS
  SET_OPERATIONS
  JOIN_METHODS
  JOIN_SIDES
  JOIN_KINDS
  JOIN_HINTS
  LAMBDAS
  COLUMN_OPERATORS
  EXPRESSION_PARSERS
  STATEMENT_PARSERS
  UNARY_PARSERS
  STRING_PARSERS
  NUMERIC_PARSERS
  PRIMARY_PARSERS
  PLACEHOLDER_PARSERS
  RANGE_PARSERS
  PROPERTY_PARSERS
  CONSTRAINT_PARSERS
  ALTER_PARSERS
  ALTER_ALTER_PARSERS
  SCHEMA_UNNAMED_CONSTRAINTS
  NO_PAREN_FUNCTION_PARSERS
  INVALID_FUNC_NAME_TOKENS
  FUNCTIONS_WITH_ALIASED_ARGS
  KEY_VALUE_DEFINITIONS
  QUERY_MODIFIER_PARSERS
  SET_PARSERS
  SHOW_PARSERS
  TYPE_LITERAL_PARSERS
  TYPE_CONVERTERS
  DDL_SELECT_TOKENS
  PRE_VOLATILE_TOKENS
  TRANSACTION_KIND
  TRANSACTION_CHARACTERISTICS
  CONFLICT_ACTIONS
  CREATE_SEQUENCE
  ISOLATED_LOADING_OPTIONS
  USABLES
  CAST_ACTIONS
  SCHEMA_BINDING_OPTIONS
  INSERT_ALTERNATIVES
  CLONE_KEYWORDS
  HISTORICAL_DATA_PREFIX
  HISTORICAL_DATA_KIND
  OPCLASS_FOLLOW_KEYWORDS
  OPTYPE_FOLLOW_TOKENS
  TABLE_INDEX_HINT_TOKENS
  VIEW_ATTRIBUTES
  WINDOW_ALIAS_TOKENS
  WINDOW_BEFORE_PAREN_TOKENS
  WINDOW_SIDES
  JSON_KEY_VALUE_SEPARATOR_TOKENS
  FETCH_TOKENS
  ADD_CONSTRAINT_TOKENS
  DISTINCT_TOKENS
  NULL_TOKENS
  UNNEST_OFFSET_ALIAS_TOKENS
  SELECT_START_TOKENS
  COPY_INTO_VARLEN_OPTIONS
  STRICT_CAST
  PREFIXED_PIVOT_COLUMNS
  IDENTIFY_PIVOT_STRINGS
  LOG_DEFAULTS_TO_LN
  ALTER_TABLE_ADD_REQUIRED_FOR_EACH_COLUMN
  TABLESAMPLE_CSV
  DEFAULT_SAMPLING_METHOD
  SET_REQUIRES_ASSIGNMENT_DELIMITER
  TRIM_PATTERN_FIRST
  STRING_ALIASES
  MODIFIERS_ATTACHED_TO_SET_OP
  SET_OP_MODIFIERS
  NO_PAREN_IF_COMMANDS
  JSON_ARROWS_REQUIRE_JSON_TYPE
  COLON_IS_VARIANT_EXTRACT
  SUPPORTS_IMPLICIT_UNNEST
  INTERVAL_SPANS
  SUPPORTS_PARTITION_SELECTION
  error_level
  error_message_context
  max_errors
  dialect
  reset
  parse
  parse_into
  check_errors
  raise_error
  expression
  validate_expression
  errors
  sql

class Presto.Generator(sqlglot.generator.Generator): View Source

    340    class Generator(generator.Generator):
    341        INTERVAL_ALLOWS_PLURAL_FORM = False
    342        JOIN_HINTS = False
    343        TABLE_HINTS = False
    344        QUERY_HINTS = False
    345        IS_BOOL_ALLOWED = False
    346        TZ_TO_WITH_TIME_ZONE = True
    347        NVL2_SUPPORTED = False
    348        STRUCT_DELIMITER = ("(", ")")
    349        LIMIT_ONLY_LITERALS = True
    350        SUPPORTS_SINGLE_ARG_CONCAT = False
    351        LIKE_PROPERTY_INSIDE_SCHEMA = True
    352        MULTI_ARG_DISTINCT = False
    353        SUPPORTS_TO_NUMBER = False
    354        HEX_FUNC = "TO_HEX"
    355        PARSE_JSON_NAME = "JSON_PARSE"
    356        PAD_FILL_PATTERN_IS_REQUIRED = True
    357
    358        PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {
    359            **generator.Generator.PROPERTIES_LOCATION,
    360            exp.LocationProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
    361            exp.VolatileProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
    362        }
    363
    364        TYPE_MAPPING = {
    365            **generator.Generator.TYPE_MAPPING,
    366            exp.DataType.Type.INT: "INTEGER",
    367            exp.DataType.Type.FLOAT: "REAL",
    368            exp.DataType.Type.BINARY: "VARBINARY",
    369            exp.DataType.Type.TEXT: "VARCHAR",
    370            exp.DataType.Type.TIMETZ: "TIME",
    371            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPTZ: "TIMESTAMP",
    372            exp.DataType.Type.STRUCT: "ROW",
    373            exp.DataType.Type.DATETIME: "TIMESTAMP",
    374            exp.DataType.Type.DATETIME64: "TIMESTAMP",
    375            exp.DataType.Type.HLLSKETCH: "HYPERLOGLOG",
    376        }
    377
    378        TRANSFORMS = {
    379            **generator.Generator.TRANSFORMS,
    380            exp.AnyValue: rename_func("ARBITRARY"),
    381            exp.ApproxDistinct: lambda self, e: self.func(
    382                "APPROX_DISTINCT", e.this, e.args.get("accuracy")
    383            ),
    384            exp.ApproxQuantile: rename_func("APPROX_PERCENTILE"),
    385            exp.ArgMax: rename_func("MAX_BY"),
    386            exp.ArgMin: rename_func("MIN_BY"),
    387            exp.Array: lambda self, e: f"ARRAY[{self.expressions(e, flat=True)}]",
    388            exp.ArrayAny: rename_func("ANY_MATCH"),
    389            exp.ArrayConcat: rename_func("CONCAT"),
    390            exp.ArrayContains: rename_func("CONTAINS"),
    391            exp.ArraySize: rename_func("CARDINALITY"),
    392            exp.ArrayToString: rename_func("ARRAY_JOIN"),
    393            exp.ArrayUniqueAgg: rename_func("SET_AGG"),
    394            exp.AtTimeZone: rename_func("AT_TIMEZONE"),
    395            exp.BitwiseAnd: lambda self, e: self.func("BITWISE_AND", e.this, e.expression),
    396            exp.BitwiseLeftShift: lambda self, e: self.func(
    397                "BITWISE_ARITHMETIC_SHIFT_LEFT", e.this, e.expression
    398            ),
    399            exp.BitwiseNot: lambda self, e: self.func("BITWISE_NOT", e.this),
    400            exp.BitwiseOr: lambda self, e: self.func("BITWISE_OR", e.this, e.expression),
    401            exp.BitwiseRightShift: lambda self, e: self.func(
    402                "BITWISE_ARITHMETIC_SHIFT_RIGHT", e.this, e.expression
    403            ),
    404            exp.BitwiseXor: lambda self, e: self.func("BITWISE_XOR", e.this, e.expression),
    405            exp.Cast: transforms.preprocess([transforms.epoch_cast_to_ts]),
    406            exp.CurrentTimestamp: lambda *_: "CURRENT_TIMESTAMP",
    407            exp.DateAdd: _date_delta_sql("DATE_ADD"),
    408            exp.DateDiff: lambda self, e: self.func(
    409                "DATE_DIFF", unit_to_str(e), e.expression, e.this
    410            ),
    411            exp.DateStrToDate: datestrtodate_sql,
    412            exp.DateToDi: lambda self,
    413            e: f"CAST(DATE_FORMAT({self.sql(e, 'this')}, {Presto.DATEINT_FORMAT}) AS INT)",
    414            exp.DateSub: _date_delta_sql("DATE_ADD", negate_interval=True),
    415            exp.Decode: lambda self, e: encode_decode_sql(self, e, "FROM_UTF8"),
    416            exp.DiToDate: lambda self,
    417            e: f"CAST(DATE_PARSE(CAST({self.sql(e, 'this')} AS VARCHAR), {Presto.DATEINT_FORMAT}) AS DATE)",
    418            exp.Encode: lambda self, e: encode_decode_sql(self, e, "TO_UTF8"),
    419            exp.FileFormatProperty: lambda self, e: f"FORMAT='{e.name.upper()}'",
    420            exp.First: _first_last_sql,
    421            exp.FirstValue: _first_last_sql,
    422            exp.FromTimeZone: lambda self,
    423            e: f"WITH_TIMEZONE({self.sql(e, 'this')}, {self.sql(e, 'zone')}) AT TIME ZONE 'UTC'",
    424            exp.Group: transforms.preprocess([transforms.unalias_group]),
    425            exp.GroupConcat: lambda self, e: self.func(
    426                "ARRAY_JOIN", self.func("ARRAY_AGG", e.this), e.args.get("separator")
    427            ),
    428            exp.If: if_sql(),
    429            exp.ILike: no_ilike_sql,
    430            exp.Initcap: _initcap_sql,
    431            exp.JSONExtract: _jsonextract_sql,
    432            exp.Last: _first_last_sql,
    433            exp.LastValue: _first_last_sql,
    434            exp.LastDay: lambda self, e: self.func("LAST_DAY_OF_MONTH", e.this),
    435            exp.Lateral: _explode_to_unnest_sql,
    436            exp.Left: left_to_substring_sql,
    437            exp.Levenshtein: rename_func("LEVENSHTEIN_DISTANCE"),
    438            exp.LogicalAnd: rename_func("BOOL_AND"),
    439            exp.LogicalOr: rename_func("BOOL_OR"),
    440            exp.Pivot: no_pivot_sql,
    441            exp.Quantile: _quantile_sql,
    442            exp.RegexpExtract: regexp_extract_sql,
    443            exp.Right: right_to_substring_sql,
    444            exp.SafeDivide: no_safe_divide_sql,
    445            exp.Schema: _schema_sql,
    446            exp.SchemaCommentProperty: lambda self, e: self.naked_property(e),
    447            exp.Select: transforms.preprocess(
    448                [
    449                    transforms.eliminate_qualify,
    450                    transforms.eliminate_distinct_on,
    451                    transforms.explode_to_unnest(1),
    452                    transforms.eliminate_semi_and_anti_joins,
    453                ]
    454            ),
    455            exp.SortArray: _no_sort_array,
    456            exp.StrPosition: lambda self, e: str_position_sql(self, e, generate_instance=True),
    457            exp.StrToDate: lambda self, e: f"CAST({_str_to_time_sql(self, e)} AS DATE)",
    458            exp.StrToMap: rename_func("SPLIT_TO_MAP"),
    459            exp.StrToTime: _str_to_time_sql,
    460            exp.StructExtract: struct_extract_sql,
    461            exp.Table: transforms.preprocess([_unnest_sequence]),
    462            exp.Timestamp: no_timestamp_sql,
    463            exp.TimestampAdd: _date_delta_sql("DATE_ADD"),
    464            exp.TimestampTrunc: timestamptrunc_sql(),
    465            exp.TimeStrToDate: timestrtotime_sql,
    466            exp.TimeStrToTime: timestrtotime_sql,
    467            exp.TimeStrToUnix: lambda self, e: self.func(
    468                "TO_UNIXTIME", self.func("DATE_PARSE", e.this, Presto.TIME_FORMAT)
    469            ),
    470            exp.TimeToStr: lambda self, e: self.func("DATE_FORMAT", e.this, self.format_time(e)),
    471            exp.TimeToUnix: rename_func("TO_UNIXTIME"),
    472            exp.ToChar: lambda self, e: self.func("DATE_FORMAT", e.this, self.format_time(e)),
    473            exp.TryCast: transforms.preprocess([transforms.epoch_cast_to_ts]),
    474            exp.TsOrDiToDi: lambda self,
    475            e: f"CAST(SUBSTR(REPLACE(CAST({self.sql(e, 'this')} AS VARCHAR), '-', ''), 1, 8) AS INT)",
    476            exp.TsOrDsAdd: _ts_or_ds_add_sql,
    477            exp.TsOrDsDiff: _ts_or_ds_diff_sql,
    478            exp.TsOrDsToDate: _ts_or_ds_to_date_sql,
    479            exp.Unhex: rename_func("FROM_HEX"),
    480            exp.UnixToStr: lambda self,
    481            e: f"DATE_FORMAT(FROM_UNIXTIME({self.sql(e, 'this')}), {self.format_time(e)})",
    482            exp.UnixToTime: _unix_to_time_sql,
    483            exp.UnixToTimeStr: lambda self,
    484            e: f"CAST(FROM_UNIXTIME({self.sql(e, 'this')}) AS VARCHAR)",
    485            exp.VariancePop: rename_func("VAR_POP"),
    486            exp.With: transforms.preprocess([transforms.add_recursive_cte_column_names]),
    487            exp.WithinGroup: transforms.preprocess(
    488                [transforms.remove_within_group_for_percentiles]
    489            ),
    490            exp.Xor: bool_xor_sql,
    491            exp.MD5Digest: rename_func("MD5"),
    492            exp.SHA: rename_func("SHA1"),
    493            exp.SHA2: sha256_sql,
    494        }
    495
    496        RESERVED_KEYWORDS = {
    497            "alter",
    498            "and",
    499            "as",
    500            "between",
    501            "by",
    502            "case",
    503            "cast",
    504            "constraint",
    505            "create",
    506            "cross",
    507            "current_time",
    508            "current_timestamp",
    509            "deallocate",
    510            "delete",
    511            "describe",
    512            "distinct",
    513            "drop",
    514            "else",
    515            "end",
    516            "escape",
    517            "except",
    518            "execute",
    519            "exists",
    520            "extract",
    521            "false",
    522            "for",
    523            "from",
    524            "full",
    525            "group",
    526            "having",
    527            "in",
    528            "inner",
    529            "insert",
    530            "intersect",
    531            "into",
    532            "is",
    533            "join",
    534            "left",
    535            "like",
    536            "natural",
    537            "not",
    538            "null",
    539            "on",
    540            "or",
    541            "order",
    542            "outer",
    543            "prepare",
    544            "right",
    545            "select",
    546            "table",
    547            "then",
    548            "true",
    549            "union",
    550            "using",
    551            "values",
    552            "when",
    553            "where",
    554            "with",
    555        }
    556
    557        def md5_sql(self, expression: exp.MD5) -> str:
    558            this = expression.this
    559
    560            if not this.type:
    561                from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
    562
    563                this = annotate_types(this)
    564
    565            if this.is_type(*exp.DataType.TEXT_TYPES):
    566                this = exp.Encode(this=this, charset=exp.Literal.string("utf-8"))
    567
    568            return self.func("LOWER", self.func("TO_HEX", self.func("MD5", self.sql(this))))
    569
    570        def strtounix_sql(self, expression: exp.StrToUnix) -> str:
    571            # Since `TO_UNIXTIME` requires a `TIMESTAMP`, we need to parse the argument into one.
    572            # To do this, we first try to `DATE_PARSE` it, but since this can fail when there's a
    573            # timezone involved, we wrap it in a `TRY` call and use `PARSE_DATETIME` as a fallback,
    574            # which seems to be using the same time mapping as Hive, as per:
    575            # https://joda-time.sourceforge.net/apidocs/org/joda/time/format/DateTimeFormat.html
    576            value_as_text = exp.cast(expression.this, exp.DataType.Type.TEXT)
    577            parse_without_tz = self.func("DATE_PARSE", value_as_text, self.format_time(expression))
    578            parse_with_tz = self.func(
    579                "PARSE_DATETIME",
    580                value_as_text,
    581                self.format_time(expression, Hive.INVERSE_TIME_MAPPING, Hive.INVERSE_TIME_TRIE),
    582            )
    583            coalesced = self.func("COALESCE", self.func("TRY", parse_without_tz), parse_with_tz)
    584            return self.func("TO_UNIXTIME", coalesced)
    585
    586        def bracket_sql(self, expression: exp.Bracket) -> str:
    587            if expression.args.get("safe"):
    588                return self.func(
    589                    "ELEMENT_AT",
    590                    expression.this,
    591                    seq_get(
    592                        apply_index_offset(
    593                            expression.this,
    594                            expression.expressions,
    595                            1 - expression.args.get("offset", 0),
    596                        ),
    597                        0,
    598                    ),
    599                )
    600            return super().bracket_sql(expression)
    601
    602        def struct_sql(self, expression: exp.Struct) -> str:
    603            from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
    604
    605            expression = annotate_types(expression)
    606            values: t.List[str] = []
    607            schema: t.List[str] = []
    608            unknown_type = False
    609
    610            for e in expression.expressions:
    611                if isinstance(e, exp.PropertyEQ):
    612                    if e.type and e.type.is_type(exp.DataType.Type.UNKNOWN):
    613                        unknown_type = True
    614                    else:
    615                        schema.append(f"{self.sql(e, 'this')} {self.sql(e.type)}")
    616                    values.append(self.sql(e, "expression"))
    617                else:
    618                    values.append(self.sql(e))
    619
    620            size = len(expression.expressions)
    621
    622            if not size or len(schema) != size:
    623                if unknown_type:
    624                    self.unsupported(
    625                        "Cannot convert untyped key-value definitions (try annotate_types)."
    626                    )
    627                return self.func("ROW", *values)
    628            return f"CAST(ROW({', '.join(values)}) AS ROW({', '.join(schema)}))"
    629
    630        def interval_sql(self, expression: exp.Interval) -> str:
    631            if expression.this and expression.text("unit").upper().startswith("WEEK"):
    632                return f"({expression.this.name} * INTERVAL '7' DAY)"
    633            return super().interval_sql(expression)
    634
    635        def transaction_sql(self, expression: exp.Transaction) -> str:
    636            modes = expression.args.get("modes")
    637            modes = f" {', '.join(modes)}" if modes else ""
    638            return f"START TRANSACTION{modes}"
    639
    640        def generateseries_sql(self, expression: exp.GenerateSeries) -> str:
    641            start = expression.args["start"]
    642            end = expression.args["end"]
    643            step = expression.args.get("step")
    644
    645            if isinstance(start, exp.Cast):
    646                target_type = start.to
    647            elif isinstance(end, exp.Cast):
    648                target_type = end.to
    649            else:
    650                target_type = None
    651
    652            if target_type and target_type.is_type("timestamp"):
    653                if target_type is start.to:
    654                    end = exp.cast(end, target_type)
    655                else:
    656                    start = exp.cast(start, target_type)
    657
    658            return self.func("SEQUENCE", start, end, step)
    659
    660        def offset_limit_modifiers(
    661            self, expression: exp.Expression, fetch: bool, limit: t.Optional[exp.Fetch | exp.Limit]
    662        ) -> t.List[str]:
    663            return [
    664                self.sql(expression, "offset"),
    665                self.sql(limit),
    666            ]
    667
    668        def create_sql(self, expression: exp.Create) -> str:
    669            """
    670            Presto doesn't support CREATE VIEW with expressions (ex: `CREATE VIEW x (cola)` then `(cola)` is the expression),
    671            so we need to remove them
    672            """
    673            kind = expression.args["kind"]
    674            schema = expression.this
    675            if kind == "VIEW" and schema.expressions:
    676                expression.this.set("expressions", None)
    677            return super().create_sql(expression)
    678
    679        def delete_sql(self, expression: exp.Delete) -> str:
    680            """
    681            Presto only supports DELETE FROM for a single table without an alias, so we need
    682            to remove the unnecessary parts. If the original DELETE statement contains more
    683            than one table to be deleted, we can't safely map it 1-1 to a Presto statement.
    684            """
    685            tables = expression.args.get("tables") or [expression.this]
    686            if len(tables) > 1:
    687                return super().delete_sql(expression)
    688
    689            table = tables[0]
    690            expression.set("this", table)
    691            expression.set("tables", None)
    692
    693            if isinstance(table, exp.Table):
    694                table_alias = table.args.get("alias")
    695                if table_alias:
    696                    table_alias.pop()
    697                    expression = t.cast(exp.Delete, expression.transform(unqualify_columns))
    698
    699            return super().delete_sql(expression)

Generator converts a given syntax tree to the corresponding SQL string.

###### Arguments:

- pretty: Whether to format the produced SQL string. Default: False.
- identify: Determines when an identifier should be quoted. Possible values are: False (default): Never quote, except in cases where it's mandatory by the dialect. True or 'always': Always quote. 'safe': Only quote identifiers that are case insensitive.
- normalize: Whether to normalize identifiers to lowercase. Default: False.
- pad: The pad size in a formatted string. For example, this affects the indentation of a projection in a query, relative to its nesting level. Default: 2.
- indent: The indentation size in a formatted string. For example, this affects the indentation of subqueries and filters under a `WHERE` clause. Default: 2.
- normalize_functions: How to normalize function names. Possible values are: "upper" or True (default): Convert names to uppercase. "lower": Convert names to lowercase. False: Disables function name normalization.
- unsupported_level: Determines the generator's behavior when it encounters unsupported expressions. Default ErrorLevel.WARN.
- max_unsupported: Maximum number of unsupported messages to include in a raised UnsupportedError. This is only relevant if unsupported_level is ErrorLevel.RAISE. Default: 3
- leading_comma: Whether the comma is leading or trailing in select expressions. This is only relevant when generating in pretty mode. Default: False
- max_text_width: The max number of characters in a segment before creating new lines in pretty mode. The default is on the smaller end because the length only represents a segment and not the true line length. Default: 80
- comments: Whether to preserve comments in the output SQL code. Default: True

INTERVAL_ALLOWS_PLURAL_FORM = False
JOIN_HINTS = False
TABLE_HINTS = False
QUERY_HINTS = False
IS_BOOL_ALLOWED = False
TZ_TO_WITH_TIME_ZONE = True
NVL2_SUPPORTED = False
STRUCT_DELIMITER = ('(', ')')
LIMIT_ONLY_LITERALS = True
SUPPORTS_SINGLE_ARG_CONCAT = False
LIKE_PROPERTY_INSIDE_SCHEMA = True
MULTI_ARG_DISTINCT = False
SUPPORTS_TO_NUMBER = False
HEX_FUNC = 'TO_HEX'
PARSE_JSON_NAME = 'JSON_PARSE'
PAD_FILL_PATTERN_IS_REQUIRED = True
PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {<class 'sqlglot.expressions.AllowedValuesProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AlgorithmProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AutoIncrementProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AutoRefreshProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BackupProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BlockCompressionProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CharacterSetProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ChecksumProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CollateProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CopyGrantsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Cluster'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ClusteredByProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DataBlocksizeProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DataDeletionProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DefinerProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DictRange'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DictProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DynamicProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DistKeyProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DistStyleProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EngineProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExecuteAsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExternalProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FallbackProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FileFormatProperty'>: <Location.POST_WITH: 'POST_WITH'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FreespaceProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GlobalProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.HeapProperty'>: <Location.POST_WITH: 'POST_WITH'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InheritsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IcebergProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InputModelProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsolatedLoadingProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JournalProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LanguageProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LikeProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LocationProperty'>: <Location.UNSUPPORTED: 'UNSUPPORTED'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LockProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LockingProperty'>: <Location.POST_ALIAS: 'POST_ALIAS'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MaterializedProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MergeBlockRatioProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NoPrimaryIndexProperty'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnCommitProperty'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Order'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OutputModelProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PartitionedByProperty'>: <Location.POST_WITH: 'POST_WITH'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PartitionedOfProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PrimaryKey'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Property'>: <Location.POST_WITH: 'POST_WITH'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RemoteWithConnectionModelProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ReturnsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowFormatProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowFormatDelimitedProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowFormatSerdeProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SampleProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SchemaCommentProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SecureProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SerdeProperties'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Set'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SettingsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SetProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SetConfigProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SharingProperty'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SequenceProperties'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SortKeyProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SqlReadWriteProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SqlSecurityProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StabilityProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrictProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TemporaryProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToTableProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TransientProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TransformModelProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MergeTreeTTL'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnloggedProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ViewAttributeProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VolatileProperty'>: <Location.UNSUPPORTED: 'UNSUPPORTED'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithDataProperty'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithJournalTableProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithSchemaBindingProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithSystemVersioningProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>}
TYPE_MAPPING = {<Type.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>: 'CHAR', <Type.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>: 'VARCHAR', <Type.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>: 'TEXT', <Type.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>: 'TEXT', <Type.TINYTEXT: 'TINYTEXT'>: 'TEXT', <Type.MEDIUMBLOB: 'MEDIUMBLOB'>: 'BLOB', <Type.LONGBLOB: 'LONGBLOB'>: 'BLOB', <Type.TINYBLOB: 'TINYBLOB'>: 'BLOB', <Type.INET: 'INET'>: 'INET', <Type.ROWVERSION: 'ROWVERSION'>: 'VARBINARY', <Type.INT: 'INT'>: 'INTEGER', <Type.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>: 'REAL', <Type.BINARY: 'BINARY'>: 'VARBINARY', <Type.TEXT: 'TEXT'>: 'VARCHAR', <Type.TIMETZ: 'TIMETZ'>: 'TIME', <Type.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>: 'TIMESTAMP', <Type.STRUCT: 'STRUCT'>: 'ROW', <Type.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>: 'TIMESTAMP', <Type.DATETIME64: 'DATETIME64'>: 'TIMESTAMP', <Type.HLLSKETCH: 'HLLSKETCH'>: 'HYPERLOGLOG'}
TRANSFORMS = {<class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathFilter'>: <function <lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathKey'>: <function <lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathRecursive'>: <function <lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathRoot'>: <function <lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathScript'>: <function <lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathSelector'>: <function <lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathSlice'>: <function <lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathSubscript'>: <function <lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathUnion'>: <function <lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathWildcard'>: <function <lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AllowedValuesProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AutoRefreshProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BackupProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CaseSpecificColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CharacterSetColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CharacterSetProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ClusteredColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CollateColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CommentColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ConnectByRoot'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CopyGrantsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateFormatColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DefaultColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DynamicProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EncodeColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EphemeralColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExcludeColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExecuteAsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExternalProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GlobalProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.HeapProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IcebergProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InheritsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InlineLengthColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InputModelProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IntervalSpan'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONExtract'>: <function _jsonextract_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONExtractScalar'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LanguageProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LocationProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MaterializedProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NonClusteredColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NoPrimaryIndexProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NotForReplicationColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnCommitProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnUpdateColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OutputModelProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PathColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ProjectionPolicyColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RemoteWithConnectionModelProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ReturnsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SampleProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SecureProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SetConfigProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SetProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SettingsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SharingProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SqlReadWriteProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SqlSecurityProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StabilityProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrictProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TemporaryProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TagColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TitleColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Timestamp'>: <function no_timestamp_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToMap'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToTableProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TransformModelProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TransientProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UppercaseColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnloggedProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VarMap'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ViewAttributeProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VolatileProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithJournalTableProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithSchemaBindingProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithOperator'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AnyValue'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxDistinct'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxQuantile'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMax'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMin'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Array'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayAny'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayConcat'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayContains'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySize'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayToString'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayUniqueAgg'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AtTimeZone'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BitwiseAnd'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BitwiseLeftShift'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BitwiseNot'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BitwiseOr'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BitwiseRightShift'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BitwiseXor'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Cast'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentTimestamp'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateAdd'>: <function _date_delta_sql.<locals>._delta_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateDiff'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateStrToDate'>: <function datestrtodate_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateToDi'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateSub'>: <function _date_delta_sql.<locals>._delta_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Decode'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DiToDate'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Encode'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FileFormatProperty'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.First'>: <function _first_last_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FirstValue'>: <function _first_last_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FromTimeZone'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Group'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GroupConcat'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.If'>: <function if_sql.<locals>._if_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ILike'>: <function no_ilike_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Initcap'>: <function _initcap_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Last'>: <function _first_last_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LastValue'>: <function _first_last_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LastDay'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Lateral'>: <function _explode_to_unnest_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Left'>: <function left_to_substring_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Levenshtein'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalAnd'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalOr'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Pivot'>: <function no_pivot_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Quantile'>: <function _quantile_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpExtract'>: <function regexp_extract_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Right'>: <function right_to_substring_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SafeDivide'>: <function no_safe_divide_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Schema'>: <function _schema_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SchemaCommentProperty'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Select'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SortArray'>: <function _no_sort_array>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrPosition'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToDate'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToMap'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToTime'>: <function _str_to_time_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StructExtract'>: <function struct_extract_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Table'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampAdd'>: <function _date_delta_sql.<locals>._delta_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampTrunc'>: <function timestamptrunc_sql.<locals>._timestamptrunc_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToDate'>: <function timestrtotime_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToTime'>: <function timestrtotime_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToUnix'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeToStr'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeToUnix'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToChar'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TryCast'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDiToDi'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsAdd'>: <function _ts_or_ds_add_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsDiff'>: <function _ts_or_ds_diff_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsToDate'>: <function _ts_or_ds_to_date_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Unhex'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToStr'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToTime'>: <function _unix_to_time_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToTimeStr'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VariancePop'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.With'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithinGroup'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Xor'>: <function bool_xor_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MD5Digest'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA2'>: <function sha256_sql>}
RESERVED_KEYWORDS = {'and', 'group', 'like', 'natural', 'select', 'or', 'true', 'using', 'order', 'delete', 'insert', 'distinct', 'prepare', 'as', 'escape', 'is', 'then', 'alter', 'else', 'create', 'null', 'cross', 'with', 'table', 'deallocate', 'current_timestamp', 'end', 'when', 'inner', 'values', 'drop', 'current_time', 'right', 'between', 'cast', 'constraint', 'union', 'from', 'where', 'extract', 'execute', 'left', 'exists', 'not', 'false', 'for', 'case', 'describe', 'full', 'intersect', 'on', 'having', 'outer', 'in', 'into', 'except', 'by', 'join'}
def md5_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.MD5) -> str: View Source

    557        def md5_sql(self, expression: exp.MD5) -> str:
    558            this = expression.this
    559
    560            if not this.type:
    561                from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
    562
    563                this = annotate_types(this)
    564
    565            if this.is_type(*exp.DataType.TEXT_TYPES):
    566                this = exp.Encode(this=this, charset=exp.Literal.string("utf-8"))
    567
    568            return self.func("LOWER", self.func("TO_HEX", self.func("MD5", self.sql(this))))

def strtounix_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.StrToUnix) -> str: View Source

    570        def strtounix_sql(self, expression: exp.StrToUnix) -> str:
    571            # Since `TO_UNIXTIME` requires a `TIMESTAMP`, we need to parse the argument into one.
    572            # To do this, we first try to `DATE_PARSE` it, but since this can fail when there's a
    573            # timezone involved, we wrap it in a `TRY` call and use `PARSE_DATETIME` as a fallback,
    574            # which seems to be using the same time mapping as Hive, as per:
    575            # https://joda-time.sourceforge.net/apidocs/org/joda/time/format/DateTimeFormat.html
    576            value_as_text = exp.cast(expression.this, exp.DataType.Type.TEXT)
    577            parse_without_tz = self.func("DATE_PARSE", value_as_text, self.format_time(expression))
    578            parse_with_tz = self.func(
    579                "PARSE_DATETIME",
    580                value_as_text,
    581                self.format_time(expression, Hive.INVERSE_TIME_MAPPING, Hive.INVERSE_TIME_TRIE),
    582            )
    583            coalesced = self.func("COALESCE", self.func("TRY", parse_without_tz), parse_with_tz)
    584            return self.func("TO_UNIXTIME", coalesced)

def bracket_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Bracket) -> str: View Source

    586        def bracket_sql(self, expression: exp.Bracket) -> str:
    587            if expression.args.get("safe"):
    588                return self.func(
    589                    "ELEMENT_AT",
    590                    expression.this,
    591                    seq_get(
    592                        apply_index_offset(
    593                            expression.this,
    594                            expression.expressions,
    595                            1 - expression.args.get("offset", 0),
    596                        ),
    597                        0,
    598                    ),
    599                )
    600            return super().bracket_sql(expression)

def struct_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Struct) -> str: View Source

    602        def struct_sql(self, expression: exp.Struct) -> str:
    603            from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
    604
    605            expression = annotate_types(expression)
    606            values: t.List[str] = []
    607            schema: t.List[str] = []
    608            unknown_type = False
    609
    610            for e in expression.expressions:
    611                if isinstance(e, exp.PropertyEQ):
    612                    if e.type and e.type.is_type(exp.DataType.Type.UNKNOWN):
    613                        unknown_type = True
    614                    else:
    615                        schema.append(f"{self.sql(e, 'this')} {self.sql(e.type)}")
    616                    values.append(self.sql(e, "expression"))
    617                else:
    618                    values.append(self.sql(e))
    619
    620            size = len(expression.expressions)
    621
    622            if not size or len(schema) != size:
    623                if unknown_type:
    624                    self.unsupported(
    625                        "Cannot convert untyped key-value definitions (try annotate_types)."
    626                    )
    627                return self.func("ROW", *values)
    628            return f"CAST(ROW({', '.join(values)}) AS ROW({', '.join(schema)}))"

def interval_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Interval) -> str: View Source

    630        def interval_sql(self, expression: exp.Interval) -> str:
    631            if expression.this and expression.text("unit").upper().startswith("WEEK"):
    632                return f"({expression.this.name} * INTERVAL '7' DAY)"
    633            return super().interval_sql(expression)

def transaction_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Transaction) -> str: View Source

    635        def transaction_sql(self, expression: exp.Transaction) -> str:
    636            modes = expression.args.get("modes")
    637            modes = f" {', '.join(modes)}" if modes else ""
    638            return f"START TRANSACTION{modes}"

def generateseries_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.GenerateSeries) -> str: View Source

    640        def generateseries_sql(self, expression: exp.GenerateSeries) -> str:
    641            start = expression.args["start"]
    642            end = expression.args["end"]
    643            step = expression.args.get("step")
    644
    645            if isinstance(start, exp.Cast):
    646                target_type = start.to
    647            elif isinstance(end, exp.Cast):
    648                target_type = end.to
    649            else:
    650                target_type = None
    651
    652            if target_type and target_type.is_type("timestamp"):
    653                if target_type is start.to:
    654                    end = exp.cast(end, target_type)
    655                else:
    656                    start = exp.cast(start, target_type)
    657
    658            return self.func("SEQUENCE", start, end, step)

def offset_limit_modifiers( self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Expression, fetch: bool, limit: Union[sqlglot.expressions.Fetch, sqlglot.expressions.Limit, NoneType]) -> List[str]: View Source

    660        def offset_limit_modifiers(
    661            self, expression: exp.Expression, fetch: bool, limit: t.Optional[exp.Fetch | exp.Limit]
    662        ) -> t.List[str]:
    663            return [
    664                self.sql(expression, "offset"),
    665                self.sql(limit),
    666            ]

def create_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Create) -> str: View Source

    668        def create_sql(self, expression: exp.Create) -> str:
    669            """
    670            Presto doesn't support CREATE VIEW with expressions (ex: `CREATE VIEW x (cola)` then `(cola)` is the expression),
    671            so we need to remove them
    672            """
    673            kind = expression.args["kind"]
    674            schema = expression.this
    675            if kind == "VIEW" and schema.expressions:
    676                expression.this.set("expressions", None)
    677            return super().create_sql(expression)

Presto doesn't support CREATE VIEW with expressions (ex: `CREATE VIEW x (cola)` then `(cola)` is the expression), so we need to remove them

def delete_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Delete) -> str: View Source

    679        def delete_sql(self, expression: exp.Delete) -> str:
    680            """
    681            Presto only supports DELETE FROM for a single table without an alias, so we need
    682            to remove the unnecessary parts. If the original DELETE statement contains more
    683            than one table to be deleted, we can't safely map it 1-1 to a Presto statement.
    684            """
    685            tables = expression.args.get("tables") or [expression.this]
    686            if len(tables) > 1:
    687                return super().delete_sql(expression)
    688
    689            table = tables[0]
    690            expression.set("this", table)
    691            expression.set("tables", None)
    692
    693            if isinstance(table, exp.Table):
    694                table_alias = table.args.get("alias")
    695                if table_alias:
    696                    table_alias.pop()
    697                    expression = t.cast(exp.Delete, expression.transform(unqualify_columns))
    698
    699            return super().delete_sql(expression)

Presto only supports DELETE FROM for a single table without an alias, so we need to remove the unnecessary parts. If the original DELETE statement contains more than one table to be deleted, we can't safely map it 1-1 to a Presto statement.

SELECT_KINDS: Tuple[str, ...] = ()
AFTER_HAVING_MODIFIER_TRANSFORMS = {'windows': <function Generator.<lambda>>, 'qualify': <function Generator.<lambda>>}

##### Inherited Members

sqlglot.generator.Generator
  Generator
  NULL_ORDERING_SUPPORTED
  IGNORE_NULLS_IN_FUNC
  LOCKING_READS_SUPPORTED
  EXPLICIT_SET_OP
  WRAP_DERIVED_VALUES
  CREATE_FUNCTION_RETURN_AS
  MATCHED_BY_SOURCE
  SINGLE_STRING_INTERVAL
  LIMIT_FETCH
  RENAME_TABLE_WITH_DB
  GROUPINGS_SEP
  INDEX_ON
  QUERY_HINT_SEP
  DUPLICATE_KEY_UPDATE_WITH_SET
  LIMIT_IS_TOP
  RETURNING_END
  EXTRACT_ALLOWS_QUOTES
  VALUES_AS_TABLE
  ALTER_TABLE_INCLUDE_COLUMN_KEYWORD
  UNNEST_WITH_ORDINALITY
  AGGREGATE_FILTER_SUPPORTED
  SEMI_ANTI_JOIN_WITH_SIDE
  COMPUTED_COLUMN_WITH_TYPE
  SUPPORTS_TABLE_COPY
  TABLESAMPLE_REQUIRES_PARENS
  TABLESAMPLE_SIZE_IS_ROWS
  TABLESAMPLE_KEYWORDS
  TABLESAMPLE_WITH_METHOD
  TABLESAMPLE_SEED_KEYWORD
  COLLATE_IS_FUNC
  DATA_TYPE_SPECIFIERS_ALLOWED
  ENSURE_BOOLS
  CTE_RECURSIVE_KEYWORD_REQUIRED
  LAST_DAY_SUPPORTS_DATE_PART
  SUPPORTS_TABLE_ALIAS_COLUMNS
  UNPIVOT_ALIASES_ARE_IDENTIFIERS
  JSON_KEY_VALUE_PAIR_SEP
  INSERT_OVERWRITE
  SUPPORTS_SELECT_INTO
  SUPPORTS_UNLOGGED_TABLES
  SUPPORTS_CREATE_TABLE_LIKE
  JSON_TYPE_REQUIRED_FOR_EXTRACTION
  JSON_PATH_BRACKETED_KEY_SUPPORTED
  JSON_PATH_SINGLE_QUOTE_ESCAPE
  SUPPORTED_JSON_PATH_PARTS
  CAN_IMPLEMENT_ARRAY_ANY
  SET_OP_MODIFIERS
  COPY_PARAMS_ARE_WRAPPED
  COPY_PARAMS_EQ_REQUIRED
  COPY_HAS_INTO_KEYWORD
  TRY_SUPPORTED
  SUPPORTS_UESCAPE
  STAR_EXCEPT
  WITH_PROPERTIES_PREFIX
  QUOTE_JSON_PATH
  TIME_PART_SINGULARS
  TOKEN_MAPPING
  PARAMETER_TOKEN
  NAMED_PLACEHOLDER_TOKEN
  WITH_SEPARATED_COMMENTS
  EXCLUDE_COMMENTS
  UNWRAPPED_INTERVAL_VALUES
  PARAMETERIZABLE_TEXT_TYPES
  EXPRESSIONS_WITHOUT_NESTED_CTES
  SENTINEL_LINE_BREAK
  pretty
  identify
  normalize
  pad
  unsupported_level
  max_unsupported
  leading_comma
  max_text_width
  comments
  dialect
  normalize_functions
  unsupported_messages
  generate
  preprocess
  unsupported
  sep
  seg
  pad_comment
  maybe_comment
  wrap
  no_identify
  normalize_func
  indent
  sql
  uncache_sql
  cache_sql
  characterset_sql
  column_parts
  column_sql
  columnposition_sql
  columndef_sql
  columnconstraint_sql
  computedcolumnconstraint_sql
  autoincrementcolumnconstraint_sql
  compresscolumnconstraint_sql
  generatedasidentitycolumnconstraint_sql
  generatedasrowcolumnconstraint_sql
  periodforsystemtimeconstraint_sql
  notnullcolumnconstraint_sql
  transformcolumnconstraint_sql
  primarykeycolumnconstraint_sql
  uniquecolumnconstraint_sql
  createable_sql
  sequenceproperties_sql
  clone_sql
  describe_sql
  heredoc_sql
  prepend_ctes
  with_sql
  cte_sql
  tablealias_sql
  bitstring_sql
  hexstring_sql
  bytestring_sql
  unicodestring_sql
  rawstring_sql
  datatypeparam_sql
  datatype_sql
  directory_sql
  drop_sql
  except_sql
  except_op
  fetch_sql
  filter_sql
  hint_sql
  indexparameters_sql
  index_sql
  identifier_sql
  hex_sql
  lowerhex_sql
  inputoutputformat_sql
  national_sql
  partition_sql
  properties_sql
  root_properties
  properties
  with_properties
  locate_properties
  property_name
  property_sql
  likeproperty_sql
  fallbackproperty_sql
  journalproperty_sql
  freespaceproperty_sql
  checksumproperty_sql
  mergeblockratioproperty_sql
  datablocksizeproperty_sql
  blockcompressionproperty_sql
  isolatedloadingproperty_sql
  partitionboundspec_sql
  partitionedofproperty_sql
  lockingproperty_sql
  withdataproperty_sql
  withsystemversioningproperty_sql
  insert_sql
  intersect_sql
  intersect_op
  introducer_sql
  kill_sql
  pseudotype_sql
  objectidentifier_sql
  onconflict_sql
  returning_sql
  rowformatdelimitedproperty_sql
  withtablehint_sql
  indextablehint_sql
  historicaldata_sql
  table_parts
  table_sql
  tablesample_sql
  pivot_sql
  version_sql
  tuple_sql
  update_sql
  values_sql
  var_sql
  into_sql
  from_sql
  group_sql
  having_sql
  connect_sql
  prior_sql
  join_sql
  lambda_sql
  lateral_op
  lateral_sql
  limit_sql
  offset_sql
  setitem_sql
  set_sql
  pragma_sql
  lock_sql
  literal_sql
  escape_str
  loaddata_sql
  null_sql
  boolean_sql
  order_sql
  withfill_sql
  cluster_sql
  distribute_sql
  sort_sql
  ordered_sql
  matchrecognizemeasure_sql
  matchrecognize_sql
  query_modifiers
  options_modifier
  queryoption_sql
  after_limit_modifiers
  select_sql
  schema_sql
  schema_columns_sql
  star_sql
  parameter_sql
  sessionparameter_sql
  placeholder_sql
  subquery_sql
  qualify_sql
  set_operations
  union_sql
  union_op
  unnest_sql
  prewhere_sql
  where_sql
  window_sql
  partition_by_sql
  windowspec_sql
  withingroup_sql
  between_sql
  bracket_offset_expressions
  all_sql
  any_sql
  exists_sql
  case_sql
  constraint_sql
  nextvaluefor_sql
  extract_sql
  trim_sql
  convert_concat_args
  concat_sql
  concatws_sql
  check_sql
  foreignkey_sql
  primarykey_sql
  if_sql
  matchagainst_sql
  jsonkeyvalue_sql
  jsonpath_sql
  json_path_part
  formatjson_sql
  jsonobject_sql
  jsonobjectagg_sql
  jsonarray_sql
  jsonarrayagg_sql
  jsoncolumndef_sql
  jsonschema_sql
  jsontable_sql
  openjsoncolumndef_sql
  openjson_sql
  in_sql
  in_unnest_op
  return_sql
  reference_sql
  anonymous_sql
  paren_sql
  neg_sql
  not_sql
  alias_sql
  pivotalias_sql
  aliases_sql
  atindex_sql
  attimezone_sql
  fromtimezone_sql
  add_sql
  and_sql
  or_sql
  xor_sql
  connector_sql
  bitwiseand_sql
  bitwiseleftshift_sql
  bitwisenot_sql
  bitwiseor_sql
  bitwiserightshift_sql
  bitwisexor_sql
  cast_sql
  currentdate_sql
  currenttimestamp_sql
  collate_sql
  command_sql
  comment_sql
  mergetreettlaction_sql
  mergetreettl_sql
  commit_sql
  rollback_sql
  altercolumn_sql
  alterdiststyle_sql
  altersortkey_sql
  renametable_sql
  renamecolumn_sql
  alterset_sql
  altertable_sql
  add_column_sql
  droppartition_sql
  addconstraint_sql
  distinct_sql
  ignorenulls_sql
  respectnulls_sql
  havingmax_sql
  intdiv_sql
  dpipe_sql
  div_sql
  overlaps_sql
  distance_sql
  dot_sql
  eq_sql
  propertyeq_sql
  escape_sql
  glob_sql
  gt_sql
  gte_sql
  ilike_sql
  ilikeany_sql
  is_sql
  like_sql
  likeany_sql
  similarto_sql
  lt_sql
  lte_sql
  mod_sql
  mul_sql
  neq_sql
  nullsafeeq_sql
  nullsafeneq_sql
  slice_sql
  sub_sql
  trycast_sql
  try_sql
  log_sql
  use_sql
  binary
  function_fallback_sql
  func
  format_args
  too_wide
  format_time
  expressions
  op_expressions
  naked_property
  tag_sql
  token_sql
  userdefinedfunction_sql
  joinhint_sql
  kwarg_sql
  when_sql
  merge_sql
  tochar_sql
  tonumber_sql
  dictproperty_sql
  dictrange_sql
  dictsubproperty_sql
  oncluster_sql
  clusteredbyproperty_sql
  anyvalue_sql
  querytransform_sql
  indexconstraintoption_sql
  checkcolumnconstraint_sql
  indexcolumnconstraint_sql
  nvl2_sql
  comprehension_sql
  columnprefix_sql
  opclass_sql
  predict_sql
  forin_sql
  refresh_sql
  operator_sql
  toarray_sql
  tsordstotime_sql
  tsordstotimestamp_sql
  tsordstodate_sql
  unixdate_sql
  lastday_sql
  dateadd_sql
  arrayany_sql
  partitionrange_sql
  truncatetable_sql
  convert_sql
  copyparameter_sql
  credentials_sql
  copy_sql
  semicolon_sql
  datadeletionproperty_sql
  maskingpolicycolumnconstraint_sql
  gapfill_sql
  scope_resolution
  scoperesolution_sql
  parsejson_sql
  length_sql
  rand_sql
  strtodate_sql
  strtotime_sql
  changes_sql
  pad_sql